[New Helicobacters other than H. pylori].

Since discovery of Helicobacter pylori, more than 30 species non-H. pylori Helicobacter spp. (NHPH) have been reported. Those NHPH were now classified into gastric Helicobacter spp. and enterohepatic Helicobacter spp.(EHS). Gastric NHPH show tight spiral and long shape in the gastric mucosa, and we can distinguish from H. pylori by light microscope. Some gastric NHPH may be zoonosis and cause gastritis in human. H. hepaticus and H. cinaedi belongs in EHS were detected in human diseases. H. hepaticus may be associated with hepatobiliary diseases in humans. Surprisingly, it was reported that H. cinaedi infection was associated with atrial arrhythmias and atherosclerosis. Many NHPH will be recognized as human pathogen in the future.