INSERM, UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.
Helicobacter. 2019 Sep;24 Suppl 1:e12645. doi: 10.1111/hel.12645.
This article is a review of the most important, accessible, and relevant literature published between April 2018 and April 2019 in the field of Helicobacter species other than Helicobacter pylori. The initial part of the review covers new insights regarding the presence of gastric and enterohepatic non-H. pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH) in humans and animals, while the subsequent section focuses on the progress in our understanding of the pathogenicity and evolution of these species. Over the last year, relatively few cases of gastric NHPH infections in humans were published, with most NHPH infections being attributed to enterohepatic Helicobacters. A novel species, designated "Helicobacter caesarodunensis," was isolated from the blood of a febrile patient and numerous cases of human Helicobacter cinaedi infections underlined this species as a true emerging pathogen. With regard to NHPH in animals, canine/feline gastric NHPH cause little or no harm in their natural host; however they can become opportunistic when translocated to the hepatobiliary tract. The role of enterohepatic Helicobacter species in colorectal tumors in pets has also been highlighted. Several studies in rodent models have further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the development of NHPH-related disease, and the extra-gastric effects of a Helicobacter suis infection on brain homeostasis was also studied. Comparative genomics facilitated a breakthrough in the evolutionary history of Helicobacter in general and NHPH in particular. Investigation of the genome of Helicobacter apodemus revealed particular traits with regard to its virulence factors. A range of compounds including mulberries, dietary fiber, ginseng, and avian eggs which target the gut microbiota have also been shown to affect Helicobacter growth, with a potential therapeutic utilization and increase in survival.
这是一篇对 2018 年 4 月至 2019 年 4 月间发表的除幽门螺杆菌以外的其他幽门螺杆菌属物种的重要、易获取和相关文献的综述。综述的开篇部分涵盖了人类和动物胃内和肠内非幽门螺杆菌属幽门螺杆菌（NHPH）的存在的新见解，随后的部分则重点介绍了这些物种的致病性和进化的研究进展。在过去的一年中，人类胃内 NHPH 感染的病例相对较少，大多数 NHPH 感染归因于肠内幽门螺杆菌。一种新的物种，被命名为“凯撒螺杆菌”，从发热患者的血液中分离出来，并且大量人类咽峡炎螺杆菌感染病例强调了该物种是一种真正的新兴病原体。在动物中，犬/猫胃内 NHPH 在其自然宿主中几乎没有或没有危害；然而，当它们转移到肝胆道时，它们可能成为机会性病原体。宠物中肠内幽门螺杆菌物种在结直肠肿瘤中的作用也得到了强调。一些啮齿动物模型的研究进一步阐明了 NHPH 相关疾病发展的机制，以及猪霍乱螺杆菌感染对大脑内稳态的额外胃外效应也得到了研究。比较基因组学促进了一般幽门螺杆菌属和特别是 NHPH 进化史的突破。对幽门螺杆菌属动物肠道亚种的基因组研究揭示了其毒力因子的特定特征。一系列化合物，包括桑叶、膳食纤维、人参和禽蛋，靶向肠道微生物群，也被证明可以影响幽门螺杆菌的生长，具有潜在的治疗利用和增加生存机会。
