MRC Cognitive Development Unit, London and Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University.
J Cogn Neurosci. 1991 Fall;3(4):335-44. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1991.3.4.335.
Three aspects of the development of visual orienting in infants of 2, 3, and 4 months of age are examined in this paper. These are the age of onset and sequence of development of (1) the ability to readily disengage gaze from a stimulus, (2) the ability to consistently show "anticipatory" eye movements, and (3) the ability to use a central cue to predict the spatial location of a target. Results indicated that only the 4--month-old group was easily able to disengage from an attractive central stimulus to orient toward a simultaneously presented target. The 4--month-old group also showed more than double the percentage of "anticipatory" looks than did the other age groups. Finally, only the 4--month-old group showed significant evidence of being able to acquire the contingent relationship between a central cue and the spatial location (to the right or to the left) of a target. Measures of anticipatory looking and contingency learning were not correlated. These findings are, in general terms, consistent with the predictions of matura-tional accounts of the development of visual orienting.
本文考察了 2、3、4 个月大的婴儿视觉定向发展的三个方面。这些方面是：（1）从刺激中轻易转移目光的能力，（2）持续表现出“预期”眼动的能力，以及（3）利用中央线索预测目标空间位置的能力。结果表明，只有 4 个月大的婴儿组才能轻易地从有吸引力的中央刺激中转移注意力，转向同时呈现的目标。4 个月大的婴儿组表现出的“预期”眼神也比其他年龄组多两倍以上。最后，只有 4 个月大的婴儿组表现出明显的迹象，表明他们能够掌握中央线索与目标空间位置（右侧或左侧）之间的依存关系。“预期”眼神和依存关系学习的测量值没有相关性。这些发现总体上与视觉定向发展的成熟理论预测一致。
