Johnson M H, Tucker L A
MRC Cognitive Development Unit, London, UK.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1996 Oct;63(1):171-88. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1996.0046.
Shifts of visual attention can be studied in adults by cueing a particular spatial location and assessing the speed of detection of targets presented in the cued location as compared to other locations. A number of studies have used spatial cueing paradigms in an attempt to study attention shifts in infants. However, these studies have employed different procedures, time courses, measures, and age groups, making comparison between them difficult. The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of varying the cue-target time interval on the speed and direction of orienting in 2-, 4-, and 6-month-old infants. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that, while 2-month-old infants showed only weak effects of the cue, 4-month-old infants show facilitation to a cued location when a target appears 200 ms after cue onset, and inhibition of responses to the same location when the target appears 700 ms after the cue onset. Six-month-old infants showed evidence of inhibition, but not facilitation. One account of this pattern of data is that 6-month-olds shift attention faster than do 4-month-olds. This hypothesis was tested in Experiment 2 in which four different cue-target intervals were used with a group of 7-month-old infants. The results obtained were consistent with the hypothesis that infants get faster to shift attention to a spatial location with age.
通过提示特定的空间位置，并评估与其他位置相比在提示位置呈现的目标的检测速度，可以在成年人中研究视觉注意力的转移。许多研究使用空间提示范式来试图研究婴儿的注意力转移。然而，这些研究采用了不同的程序、时间进程、测量方法和年龄组，使得它们之间难以进行比较。本实验旨在研究改变提示-目标时间间隔对2个月、4个月和6个月大婴儿定向速度和方向的影响。实验1的结果表明，虽然2个月大的婴儿对提示的反应较弱，但当目标在提示开始后200毫秒出现时，4个月大的婴儿对提示位置表现出促进作用，而当目标在提示开始后700毫秒出现时，则对同一位置的反应表现出抑制作用。6个月大的婴儿表现出抑制的证据，但没有促进作用。对这种数据模式的一种解释是，6个月大的婴儿比4个月大的婴儿注意力转移得更快。在实验2中对这一假设进行了测试，实验2对一组7个月大的婴儿使用了四种不同的提示-目标间隔。获得的结果与婴儿随着年龄增长更快地将注意力转移到空间位置的假设一致。
