甜菜碱对身体成分、性能和同型半胱氨酸硫内酯的影响。
Effects of betaine on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone.
机构信息
Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA.
出版信息
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013 Aug 22;10(1):39. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-39.
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the effects of long term betaine supplementation on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL) in experienced strength trained men.
METHODS
Twenty-three subjects were matched for training experience (4.8 ± 2.3 years) and body fat percentage (BF%: 16.9 ± 8.0%), randomly assigned to either a placebo (PL; n = 12) or betaine group (BET; n = 11; 2.5 g/day), and completed a 6 week periodized training program consisting of 3 two-week micro-cycles. Bench press and back squat training volumes were recorded and changes in training volume were assessed at each micro-cycle. Fasting urine was collected at baseline (BL), weeks 2, 4 and 6, and assayed for HCTL. Subjects were tested prior to and following 6 weeks of treatment. Arm and thigh cross sectional area (CSA) was estimated via girth and skin fold measurements. Body density was estimated via skin fold calipers and used to estimate BF%, fat mass (FM), and lean body mass (LBM). Performance was assessed via vertical jump (VJ), bench press 1 RM (BP), and back squat 1 RM (BS).
RESULTS
Arm CSA increased significantly (p < .05) in BET but not PL. No differences existed between group and time for changes in thigh CSA. Back squat training volume increased significantly (p < .05) for both groups throughout training. Bench press training volume was significantly (p < .05) improved for BET compared to PL at microcycles one and three. Body composition (BF%, FM, LBM) improved significantly (p < .05) in BET but not PL. No differences were found in performance variables (BP, BS, VJ) between groups, except there was a trend (p = .07) for increased VJ power in BET versus PL. A significant interaction (p < .05) existed for HCTL, with increases from BL to week 2 in PL, but not BET. Additionally, HCTL remained elevated at week 4 in PL, but not BET.
CONCLUSION
Six-weeks of betaine supplementation improved body composition, arm size, bench press work capacity, attenuated the rise in urinary HCTL, and tended to improve power (p = .07) but not strength.
背景
本研究旨在探讨长期补充甜菜碱对经验丰富的力量训练男性的身体成分、表现和同型半胱氨酸硫内酯（HCTL）的影响。
方法
将 23 名受试者按训练经验（4.8±2.3 年）和体脂百分比（BF%：16.9±8.0%）进行匹配，随机分为安慰剂（PL；n=12）或甜菜碱组（BET；n=11；每天 2.5 克），并完成了一个为期 6 周的周期性训练计划，包括 3 个为期两周的微周期。记录卧推和深蹲的训练量，并在每个微周期评估训练量的变化。在基线（BL）、第 2、4 和 6 周采集空腹尿液，并测定 HCTL。在治疗前和 6 周后对受试者进行测试。通过周长和皮褶测量来估计手臂和大腿的横截面积（CSA）。通过皮褶卡尺估计体密度，用于估计 BF%、脂肪量（FM）和瘦体重（LBM）。通过垂直跳跃（VJ）、卧推 1RM（BP）和深蹲 1RM（BS）评估表现。
结果
BET 组的手臂 CSA 显著增加（p<0.05），但 PL 组没有差异。两组在大腿 CSA 变化方面没有差异。两组的深蹲训练量在整个训练过程中均显著增加（p<0.05）。与 PL 相比，BET 在微周期一和三中的卧推训练量显著增加（p<0.05）。BET 组的身体成分（BF%、FM、LBM）显著改善（p<0.05），但 PL 组没有差异。除了 BET 组的垂直跳跃功率有增加的趋势（p=0.07）外，两组在表现变量（BP、BS、VJ）方面没有差异。HCTL 存在显著的交互作用（p<0.05），PL 在 BL 到第 2 周时增加，而 BET 则没有。此外，PL 在第 4 周时 HCTL 仍升高，但 BET 则没有。
结论
6 周的甜菜碱补充改善了身体成分、手臂大小、卧推工作能力，降低了尿 HCTL 的升高，并倾向于提高功率（p=0.07），但不提高力量。
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