Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, University UPMC Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7190, Equipe Lutheries Acoustique Musicale, LAM 11 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Sep;134(3):2268-73. doi: 10.1121/1.4816403.
Following a production-based approach, this paper deals with the acoustic behavior of humpback whales. This approach investigates various physical factors, which are either internal (e.g., physiological mechanisms) or external (e.g., environmental constraints) to the respiratory tractus of the whale, for their implications in sound production. This paper aims to describe a functional scenario of this tractus for the generation of vocal sounds. To do so, a division of this tractus into three different configurations is proposed, based on the air recirculation process which determines air sources and laryngeal valves. Then, assuming a vocal function (in sound generation or modification) for several specific anatomical components, an acoustic characterization of each of these configurations is proposed to link different spectral features, namely, fundamental frequencies and formant structures, to specific vocal production mechanisms. A discussion around the question of whether the whale is able to fully exploit the acoustic potential of its respiratory tractus is eventually provided.
本文采用基于产生的方法研究座头鲸的声学行为。该方法研究了各种物理因素，这些因素要么是内部的（例如生理机制），要么是外部的（例如环境限制），以了解它们对呼吸道的影响。本文旨在描述该呼吸道用于产生发声的功能情况。为此，根据确定空气源和喉阀的空气再循环过程，将该呼吸道分为三个不同的配置。然后，假设几个特定解剖结构具有发声功能（在发声或发声调节中），对每个配置进行声学特征分析，将不同的光谱特征（即基频和共振峰结构）与特定的发声机制联系起来。最后还讨论了鲸鱼是否能够充分利用其呼吸道的声学潜力的问题。
