Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross, Tokyo, Japan.
Transfusion. 2013 Oct;53(10):2190-7. doi: 10.1111/trf.12390. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
The current prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Japan and the risk of CMV transfusion transmission are unknown in the era of seronegative leukoreduced blood components.
We measured CMV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG in 2400 samples of whole blood collected from 12 groups of blood donors categorized by sex and age at 10-year intervals from their teens to their 60s. We also tested for CMV DNA using polymerase chain reaction in the cellular fractions of all samples.
We found that 76.6% of blood donors were CMV seropositive. The seroprevalences among donors in their 20s and 30s were 58.3 and 73.3%, respectively. We detected CMV DNA in the cellular fraction of 4.3% of samples from donors in their 60s and in 1.0% of samples from donors younger than 60 years. None of the 562 seronegative samples was DNA positive. Furthermore, 14% of DNA-positive samples also contained DNA in the plasma fraction, and two of five such samples were derived from donors in their 60s. Leukoreduced plasma components derived from donations with CMV DNA in plasma samples also contained a relevant amount of CMV DNA.
The seroprevalence of CMV among Japanese blood donors of child-bearing age has not changed over the past 15 years. Latent CMV becomes reactivated more frequently among elderly donors than among younger donors. A proportion of them have free CMV DNA in their plasma fraction, which could not be diminished by leukoreduction. The risk of transfusion-transmitted CMV infection in blood with plasma CMV DNA should be determined.
在目前的负血清反应白细胞减少的血液成分时代，日本巨细胞病毒（CMV）的流行情况以及 CMV 输血传播的风险尚不清楚。
我们测量了 2400 份全血样本中的 CMV 特异性免疫球蛋白（Ig）M 和 IgG，这些样本来自 12 组献血者，按性别和年龄分类，每隔 10 年从十几岁到 60 多岁进行分组。我们还使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）对所有样本的细胞部分进行了 CMV DNA 检测。
我们发现，76.6%的献血者为 CMV 血清阳性。20 多岁和 30 多岁献血者的血清阳性率分别为 58.3%和 73.3%。我们在 60 多岁献血者的细胞部分样本中检测到 4.3%的 CMV DNA，在 60 岁以下献血者的样本中检测到 1.0%的 CMV DNA。在 562 份阴性血清样本中均未检测到 DNA 阳性。此外，14%的 DNA 阳性样本也含有血浆部分的 DNA，其中 5 份中有 2 份来自 60 多岁的献血者。来自含有血浆样本中 CMV DNA 的捐赠者的白细胞减少的血浆成分也含有一定量的 CMV DNA。
在过去的 15 年中，日本育龄期献血者的 CMV 血清阳性率没有变化。潜伏的 CMV 在老年献血者中比年轻献血者更频繁地重新激活。他们中的一部分人在血浆部分有游离的 CMV DNA，白细胞减少并不能减少其含量。应该确定具有血浆 CMV DNA 的血液的输血传播 CMV 感染风险。
