Lowe Woan, March Jordon K, Bunnell Annette J, O'Neill Kim L, Robison Richard A
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2014;16:23-54. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
Methods for the rapid detection and differentiation of the Burkholderia pseudomallei complex comprising B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. thailandensis, have been the topic of recent research due to the high degree of phenotypic and genotypic similarities of these species. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are recognized by the CDC as tier 1 select agents. The high mortality rates of glanders and melioidosis, their potential use as bioweapons, and their low infectious dose, necessitate the need for rapid and accurate detection methods. Although B. thailandensis is generally avirulent in mammals, this species displays very similar phenotypic characteristics to that of B. pseudomallei. Optimal identification of these species remains problematic, due to the difficulty in developing a sensitive, selective, and accurate assay. The development of PCR technologies has revolutionized diagnostic testing and these detection methods have become popular due to their speed, sensitivity, and accuracy. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the advancements in PCR-based detection and differentiation methodologies for the B. pseudomallei complex, and examine their potential uses in diagnostic and environmental testing.
由于伯克霍尔德菌属假鼻疽杆菌复合体（包括假鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌、鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌和泰国伯克霍尔德菌）的这些菌种在表型和基因型上具有高度相似性，其快速检测和鉴别方法一直是近期研究的主题。假鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌和鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌被美国疾病控制与预防中心认定为一级选择生物剂。鼻疽和类鼻疽的高死亡率、它们作为生物武器的潜在用途以及低感染剂量，使得需要快速且准确的检测方法。虽然泰国伯克霍尔德菌通常对哺乳动物无致病性，但该菌种与假鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌表现出非常相似的表型特征。由于难以开发出一种灵敏、特异且准确的检测方法，这些菌种的最佳鉴定仍然存在问题。聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术的发展彻底改变了诊断检测，并且这些检测方法因其速度、灵敏度和准确性而变得流行。本综述的目的是全面概述和评估基于PCR的假鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌复合体检测和鉴别方法的进展，并探讨它们在诊断和环境检测中的潜在用途。
