Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Korea.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013 Aug 21;4:97. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00097. eCollection 2013.
Adipose tissue is known to secrete hormones actively and produces many biologically active proteins called adipocytokines. Typically, obesity is followed by low-grade inflammation, which is characterized by increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages play a role in the inflammatory process by secreting many cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, resistin, and retinol binding protein-4. These cytokines and chemokines participate in low-grade pro-inflammatory processes leading to insulin resistance, metabolic impairment, and cardiovascular diseases. More metabolic regulators, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21, FGF19, FGF1, vaspin, and visfatin have now been discovered but their exact roles in human diseases are still unclear. This review focuses on recent research regarding the role of adipokines and new metabolic factors in metabolic derangement or cardiovascular disease.
脂肪组织积极分泌激素，并产生许多称为脂肪细胞因子的生物活性蛋白。通常，肥胖会导致低度炎症，其特征是促炎细胞因子的循环水平升高。巨噬细胞通过分泌许多细胞因子（如肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、抵抗素和视黄醇结合蛋白-4）在炎症过程中发挥作用。这些细胞因子和趋化因子参与导致胰岛素抵抗、代谢损伤和心血管疾病的低度炎症过程。现在已经发现了更多的代谢调节剂，如成纤维细胞生长因子 (FGF)21、FGF19、FGF1、vaspin 和 visfatin，但它们在人类疾病中的确切作用仍不清楚。这篇综述重点介绍了最近关于脂肪细胞因子和新的代谢因子在代谢紊乱或心血管疾病中的作用的研究。
