Mårtensson Per-Åke, Hedström Lars, Sundelius Bengt, Skiby Jeffrey E, Elbers Armin, Knutsson Rickard
Biosecur Bioterror. 2013 Sep;11 Suppl 1:S46-54. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2013.0039.
Current trends in biosecurity and cybersecurity include (1) the wide availability of technology and specialized knowledge that previously were available only to governments; (2) the global economic recession, which may increase the spread of radical non-state actors; and (3) recent US and EU commission reports that reflect concerns about non-state actors in asymmetric threats. The intersectoral and international nature of bioterrorism and agroterrorism threats requires collaboration across several sectors including intelligence, police, forensics, customs, and other law enforcement organizations who must work together with public and animal health organizations as well as environmental and social science organizations. This requires coordinated decision making among these organizations, based on actionable knowledge and information sharing. The risk of not sharing information among organizations compared to the benefit of sharing information can be considered in an "information sharing risk-benefit analysis" to prevent a terrorism incident from occurring and to build a rapid response capability. In the EU project AniBioThreat, early warning is the main topic in work package 3 (WP 3). A strategy has been generated based on an iterative approach to bring law enforcement agencies and human and animal health institutes together. Workshops and exercises have taken place during the first half of the project, and spin-off activities include new preparedness plans for institutes and the formation of a legal adviser network for decision making. In addition, a seminar on actionable knowledge was held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2012, which identified the need to bring various agency cultures together to work on developing a resilient capability to identify early signs of bio- and agroterrorism threats. The seminar concluded that there are a number of challenges in building a collaborative culture, including developing an education program that supports collaboration and shared situational awareness.
（1）技术和专业知识的广泛可得性，这些技术和知识以前只有政府才能获取；（2）全球经济衰退，这可能会增加激进非国家行为体的扩散；（3）美国和欧盟委员会最近的报告，反映了对非国家行为体在不对称威胁方面的担忧。生物恐怖主义和农业恐怖主义威胁的跨部门和国际性质要求多个部门开展合作，包括情报、警察、法医、海关和其他执法组织，这些组织必须与公共卫生和动物卫生组织以及环境和社会科学组织共同努力。这需要这些组织基于可操作的知识和信息共享进行协调决策。与共享信息的好处相比，组织之间不共享信息的风险可以在“信息共享风险效益分析”中加以考虑，以防止恐怖主义事件的发生并建立快速反应能力。在欧盟的“动物生物威胁”项目中，早期预警是工作包3（WP 3）的主要主题。已经基于一种迭代方法制定了一项战略，将执法机构与人类和动物卫生机构聚集在一起。在项目的上半年举办了研讨会和演习，衍生活动包括为各机构制定新的防备计划以及组建一个决策法律顾问网络。此外，2012年在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行了一次关于可操作知识的研讨会，该研讨会确定需要将各种机构文化融合在一起，共同努力发展抵御能力，以识别生物和农业恐怖主义威胁的早期迹象。研讨会得出结论，在建立协作文化方面存在一些挑战，包括制定一项支持协作和共享态势感知的教育计划。
