Department of Radiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013 Nov;39(11):2176-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.05.018. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
A photoacoustic volume imaging (PAVI) system was designed to study breast cancer detection and diagnosis in the mammographic geometry in combination with automated 3-D ultrasound (AUS). The goal of the work described here was to validate the design and evaluate its performance in human breast tissues for non-invasive imaging of deeply positioned structures covering such geometry. The good penetration of near-infrared light and high receiving sensitivity of a broad-bandwidth, 572-element, 2-D polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) array at a low center frequency of 1 MHz were used with 20 channel simultaneous acquisition. Pseudo-lesions filled with dilute blood were imaged in three human breast specimens at various depths up to 49 mm. With near-infrared light illumination and 256-sample averaging, the extrapolated maximum depth in imaging a 2.4-mm blood-rich lesion with a 3-dB contrast-to-noise ratio in a compressed breast was 54 mm. Three-dimensional photoacoustic volume image stacks of the breasts were co-registered with 3-D ultrasound image stacks, suggesting for the first time that PAVI, based on the intrinsic tissue contrast, can visualize tissue interfaces other than those with blood, including the inner skin surface and connective tissue sheets. With the designed system, PAVI revealed satisfactory imaging depth and sensitivity for coverage of the entire breast when imaged from both sides in the mammographic geometry with mild compression.
设计了一种光声体积成像(PAVI)系统,以结合自动化 3-D 超声(AUS)研究在乳腺成像几何形状中的乳腺癌检测和诊断。这里描述的工作的目的是验证设计并评估其在人类乳腺组织中的性能,用于对覆盖这种几何形状的深部位结构进行非侵入性成像。近红外光的良好穿透性和宽带、572 个元件的 2-D 聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)阵列的高接收灵敏度在低中心频率 1 MHz 下与 20 个通道同时采集一起使用。在三个人类乳房标本中,在高达 49 mm 的各种深度处对充满稀释血液的假性病变进行成像。使用近红外光照明和 256 个样本平均,在压缩乳房中以 3-dB 对比噪声比对 2.4-mm 富含血液的病变进行成像的最大外推深度为 54 mm。乳房的三维光声体积图像堆栈与 3-D 超声图像堆栈进行了配准,这首次表明,基于固有组织对比度的 PAVI 可以可视化除血液外的组织界面,包括内部皮肤表面和结缔组织片。使用设计的系统,当在乳腺成像几何形状中从两侧以轻度压缩进行成像时,PAVI 显示出令人满意的成像深度和灵敏度,可覆盖整个乳房。