Nursing, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Perinatol. 2013 Sep;40(3):493-508. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
All infants undergo painful procedures involving skin puncture as part of routine medical care. Pain from needle puncture procedures is suboptimally managed. Numerous nonpharmacologic interventions are available for these painful procedures, including swaddling, holding, skin-to-skin care, pacifier, sweet-tasting solutions, and breast-feeding. Adoption of nonpharmacologic pain-relieving interventions into routine clinical practice is feasible and should be a standard of care in the delivery of quality health care for infants. This review summarizes current knowledge about the epidemiology of pain from common needle puncture procedures in infants, the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic interventions, implementation considerations, and unanswered questions for future research.
所有婴儿在常规医疗护理中都要经历涉及皮肤穿刺的痛苦程序。对于针穿刺程序引起的疼痛，处理效果并不理想。对于这些痛苦的程序，有许多非药物干预措施可用，包括襁褓、抱持、皮肤接触护理、安抚奶嘴、甜味溶液和母乳喂养。将非药物止痛干预措施纳入常规临床实践是可行的，并且应该成为为婴儿提供优质医疗保健护理的标准。这篇综述总结了目前关于婴儿常见针穿刺程序引起的疼痛的流行病学、非药物干预措施的有效性、实施注意事项以及未来研究中需要回答的问题的相关知识。
