Newton Benjamin J, Southall Jane L, Raphael Jon H, Ashford Robert L, LeMarchand Karen
Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Pain Manag Nurs. 2013 Sep;14(3):161-71. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2010.09.001. Epub 2010 Nov 26.
Although the experience of being believed is frequently alluded to in chronic pain literature, few studies have specifically explored this phenomenon and even fewer reviews have been offered. This narrative review sought to explore the wider social context in which individuals with chronic pain may experience disbelief toward their pain. Articles were obtained through a search of eight databases and a hand search of the references of full-text papers. Key results within the articles were noted and integrated to form three main themes: stigma, the experience of isolation, and the experience of emotional distress. The experience of stigma can occur in a number of ways. It may be through actual or perceived encounters with others; it can be through the use of psychologic explanations of pain; it can come through a perceived challenge to one's integrity and subsequently affect an individual's identity; and such stigma may be influenced by negative female stereotypes. The loss of relationships associated with being disbelieved can lead to the experience of isolation. This may be self-initiated, particularly when an individual has been given a contested diagnosis. Finally, disbelief can lead to emotional distress. This can take the form of guilt, depression, and anger. Throughout the article, implications for health care professionals, working with individuals living with chronic pain, are discussed.
尽管在慢性疼痛文献中经常提及被信任的经历，但很少有研究专门探讨这一现象，提供的综述更是少之又少。本叙述性综述旨在探讨慢性疼痛患者可能遭遇对其疼痛不信任的更广泛社会背景。通过检索八个数据库以及人工查阅全文论文的参考文献来获取文章。记录并整合文章中的关键结果，形成三个主要主题：耻辱感、孤立体验和情绪困扰体验。耻辱感的体验可能以多种方式出现。它可能通过与他人实际或感知到的接触产生；可能通过对疼痛的心理学解释来体现；可能源于对个人正直感的感知挑战，进而影响个人身份认同；而且这种耻辱感可能受到负面女性刻板印象的影响。与不被信任相关的人际关系丧失会导致孤立体验。这可能是自我引发的，尤其是当个体得到有争议的诊断时。最后，不被信任会导致情绪困扰。这可能表现为内疚、抑郁和愤怒。在整篇文章中，还讨论了对与慢性疼痛患者打交道的医疗保健专业人员的启示。
