Braam Arjan W, Schaap-Jonker Hanneke, van der Horst Marleen H L, Steunenberg Bas, Beekman Aartjan T F, van Tilburg Willem, Deeg Dorly J H
VU University Medical Center, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Altrecht Mental Health Care, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Department of Specialist Training, and University for Humanistic Studies, Department of Humanist Counseling, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Department of Comparative and Historical Study of Religion, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, and Center for Religion, World View and Mental Health, Dimence Institute of Mental Health, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Nov;22(11):1272-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.04.016. Epub 2013 Aug 20.
Growing evidence shows several possible relations between religiousness and late-life depression. Emotional aspects of religiousness such as facets of the perceived relationship with God can be crucial in this connection. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between the course of late-life depression and feelings about God and religious coping.
Longitudinal survey study; naturalistic; 12-year follow-up.
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam; population-based, in three regions in The Netherlands.
A subsample of 343 respondents (mean age: 77.2 years), including all respondents with high levels of depressive symptoms at any measurement cycle between 1992 and 2003 (assessed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule) and a random sample of nondepressed respondents who completed a postal questionnaire in 2005.
Scales on God Image and Religious Coping. Twelve-year depression course trajectories serve as predicting variables and are specified according to recency and seriousness.
Persistent and emergent depression are significantly associated with fear of God, feeling wronged by God, and negative religious coping. In terms of negative religious coping, significant associations were observed after adjustment for concurrent depression with a history of repeated minor depression and previous major depression.
Late-life depression seems to maintain a pervasive relationship over time with affective aspects of religiousness. Religious feelings may parallel the symptoms of anhedonia or a dysphoric mood and could represent the experience of an existential void.
越来越多的证据表明宗教信仰与晚年抑郁症之间存在多种可能的关系。宗教信仰的情感方面，如与上帝感知关系的各个方面，在这方面可能至关重要。本研究的目的是探讨晚年抑郁症病程与对上帝的感受及宗教应对方式之间的关联。
纵向调查研究；自然主义；12年随访。
阿姆斯特丹纵向衰老研究；基于荷兰三个地区的人群。
343名受访者的子样本（平均年龄：77.2岁），包括1992年至2003年期间任何测量周期中抑郁症状水平较高的所有受访者（通过使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表和诊断访谈表进行评估），以及2005年完成邮寄问卷的非抑郁受访者的随机样本。
上帝形象和宗教应对量表。12年抑郁症病程轨迹作为预测变量，并根据近期情况和严重程度进行明确。
持续性抑郁症和新发抑郁症与对上帝的恐惧、感觉被上帝冤枉以及消极的宗教应对方式显著相关。在消极宗教应对方面，在对并发抑郁症、有反复轻度抑郁症病史和既往重度抑郁症进行调整后，观察到显著关联。
随着时间的推移，晚年抑郁症似乎与宗教信仰的情感方面保持着普遍的关系。宗教情感可能与快感缺失或烦躁情绪的症状平行，并且可能代表存在空虚的体验。
