Department of Psychology, Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Nov;37(9 Pt B):2201-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.019. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
Behavioral, cognitive, and motivational development entails co-constructive interactions between the environmental and social influences from the developmental context, on the one hand, and the individual's neurobiological inheritance, on the other hand. Key brain networks underlying cognition, emotion, and motivation are innervated by major transmitter systems (e.g., the catecholamines and acetylcholine). Thus, the maturation and senescence of neurotransmitter systems have direct implications for lifespan development. In addition to reviewing evidence on life age differences in dopaminergic modulation and cognitive development, this brief review selectively highlights recent findings on how important influences from the developmental context, such as reward-mediated motivational processes, transgenerational stress transmission, psychosocial stress, and cognitive interventions, may, in part, exert their effects on brain and behavioral development through their effects on neuromodulatory mechanisms.
行为、认知和动机的发展需要发展环境中的环境和社会影响与个体的神经生物学遗传之间的共同建构性相互作用。认知、情感和动机的关键大脑网络由主要的递质系统（例如儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱）支配。因此，递质系统的成熟和衰老对寿命发展有直接影响。除了回顾多巴胺能调节和认知发展的生命年龄差异的证据外，本简要综述还选择性地强调了最近的发现，即来自发展环境的重要影响，如奖励介导的动机过程、跨代压力传递、心理社会压力和认知干预，可能通过对神经调制机制的影响，在一定程度上对大脑和行为发展产生影响。
