Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2013 Oct;20(5):389-95. doi: 10.1097/01.med.0000433056.76699.5d.
Lifestyle medicine is a new discipline that has recently emerged as a systematized approach for management of chronic disease. The practice of lifestyle medicine requires skills and competency in addressing multiple health risk behaviours and improving self-management. Targets include diet, physical activity, behaviour change, body weight control, treatment plan adherence, stress and coping, spirituality, mind body techniques, tobacco and substance abuse. This review focuses on the impact of a healthy lifestyle on chronic disease, the rarity of good health and the challenges of implementing a lifestyle medicine programme.
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours are at the root of the global burden of noncommunicable diseases and account for about 63% of all deaths. Over the past several years, there has been an increased interest in evaluating the benefit of adhering to 'low-risk lifestyle' behaviours and ideal 'cardiovascular health metrics'. Although a healthy lifestyle has repeatedly been shown to improve mortality, the population prevalence of healthy living remains low.
Lifestyle medicine presents a new and challenging approach to address the prevention and treatment of noncommunicable diseases, the most important and prevalent causes for increased morbidity and mortality worldwide.
目的综述：生活方式医学是一门新兴学科，它作为一种管理慢性病的系统化方法最近已经出现。生活方式医学的实践需要掌握多种健康风险行为的处理技能和能力，并改善自我管理。目标包括饮食、身体活动、行为改变、体重控制、治疗方案依从性、压力和应对、精神信仰、身心技巧、烟草和物质滥用。本文重点介绍健康生活方式对慢性病的影响、良好健康状态的罕见性以及实施生活方式医学计划的挑战。
最新发现：不健康的生活方式行为是全球非传染性疾病负担的根源，约占所有死亡人数的 63%。在过去几年中，人们越来越关注评估坚持“低风险生活方式”行为和理想“心血管健康指标”的益处。尽管健康的生活方式一再被证明可以降低死亡率，但健康生活的人群比例仍然很低。
总结：生活方式医学为预防和治疗非传染性疾病提供了一种新的、具有挑战性的方法，这些疾病是全球发病率和死亡率增加的最重要和最普遍的原因。
