Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Aikappu, Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 20;8(8):e65735. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065735. eCollection 2013.
Understanding the interconnectivity of organisms among different habitats is a key requirement for generating effective management plans in coastal ecosystems, particularly when determining component habitat structures in marine protected areas. To elucidate the patterns of habitat use by fishes among coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitats, and between natural and transplanted mangroves, visual censuses were conducted semiannually at two sites in the Philippines during September and March 2010-2012. In total, 265 species and 15,930 individuals were recorded. Species richness and abundance of fishes were significantly higher in coral reefs (234 species, 12,306 individuals) than in seagrass (38 species, 1,198 individuals) and mangrove (47 species, 2,426 individuals) habitats. Similarity tests revealed a highly significant difference among the three habitats. Fishes exhibited two different strategies for habitat use, inhabiting either a single (85.6% of recorded species) or several habitats (14.4%). Some fish that utilized multiple habitats, such as Lutjanus monostigma and Parupeneus barberinus, showed possible ontogenetic habitat shifts from mangroves and/or seagrass habitats to coral reefs. Moreover, over 20% of commercial fish species used multiple habitats, highlighting the importance of including different habitat types within marine protected areas to achieve efficient and effective resource management. Neither species richness nor abundance of fishes significantly differed between natural and transplanted mangroves. In addition, 14 fish species were recorded in a 20-year-old transplanted mangrove area, and over 90% of these species used multiple habitats, further demonstrating the key role of transplanted mangroves as a reef fish habitat in this region.
理解不同生境中生物的相互联系是制定沿海生态系统有效管理计划的关键要求，特别是在确定海洋保护区的组成生境结构时。为了阐明鱼类在珊瑚、海草和红树林生境以及天然和移植红树林之间的生境利用模式，我们在 2010 年至 2012 年 9 月和 3 月期间，在菲律宾的两个地点进行了半年度的视觉普查。总共记录了 265 种和 15930 个个体。珊瑚礁（234 种，12306 个个体）的物种丰富度和丰度明显高于海草（38 种，1198 个个体）和红树林（47 种，2426 个个体）生境。相似性检验显示这三种生境之间存在显著差异。鱼类表现出两种不同的生境利用策略，要么栖息在单一生境（记录物种的 85.6%），要么栖息在多个生境（14.4%）。一些利用多个生境的鱼类，如 Lutjanus monostigma 和 Parupeneus barberinus，可能表现出从红树林和/或海草生境到珊瑚礁的发育生境转移。此外，超过 20%的商业鱼类物种使用多个生境，突出了在海洋保护区内包括不同生境类型的重要性，以实现高效和有效的资源管理。天然和移植红树林的鱼类物种丰富度和丰度均无显著差异。此外，在一个 20 年历史的移植红树林区记录了 14 种鱼类，其中超过 90%的鱼类使用多个生境，进一步证明了移植红树林作为该地区珊瑚鱼栖息地的关键作用。
