Moorman Valerie J, Reiser Raoul F, Peterson Michael L, McIlwraith C Wayne, Kawcak Chris E
Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 2013 Sep;74(9):1183-91. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.9.1183.
To determine kinematic changes to the hoof of horses at a trot after induction of unilateral, weight-bearing forelimb lameness and to determine whether hoof kinematics return to prelameness values after perineural anesthesia.
6 clinically normal Quarter Horses.
For each horse, a sole-pressure model was used to induce 3 grades (grades 1, 2, and 3) of lameness in the right forelimb, after which perineural anesthesia was administered to alleviate lameness. Optical kinematics were obtained for both forelimbs with the horse trotting before (baseline) and after induction of each grade of lameness and after perineural anesthesia. Hoof events were identified with linear acceleration profiles, and each stride was divided into hoof-contact, break-over, initial-swing, terminal-swing, and total-swing segments. For each segment, kinematic variables were compared within and between limbs by use of mixed repeated-measures ANOVA.
During hoof-contact, the left (nonlame) forelimb hoof had greater heel-down orientation than did the right (lame) forelimb hoof, and during break-over, the nonlame hoof went through a larger range of motion than did the lame hoof. Maximum cranial acceleration during break-over for the lame hoof was greater, compared with that at baseline or for the nonlame hoof. Following perineural anesthesia, the sagittal plane orientation of the hoof during hoof-contact did not vary between the lame and nonlame limbs; however, interlimb differences in maximum cranial acceleration and angular range of motion during break-over remained.
Results suggested that hoof kinematics may be useful for detection of unilateral, weight-bearing forelimb lameness in horses that are trotting.
确定诱导单侧负重前肢跛行后马在小跑时蹄的运动学变化，并确定神经周围麻醉后蹄运动学是否恢复到跛行前的值。
6匹临床正常的夸特马。
对每匹马，使用足底压力模型在右前肢诱导3级（1级、2级和3级）跛行，之后给予神经周围麻醉以减轻跛行。在每级跛行诱导前（基线）、诱导后以及神经周围麻醉后，让马小跑，获取两前肢的光学运动学数据。通过线性加速度曲线识别蹄事件，每个步幅分为蹄接触、过度伸展、初始摆动、末期摆动和总摆动阶段。对于每个阶段，使用混合重复测量方差分析比较肢体内和肢体间的运动学变量。
在蹄接触期间，左（未跛行）前肢蹄的跟部下压方向比右（跛行）前肢蹄更大，在过度伸展期间，未跛行蹄的运动范围比跛行蹄更大。与基线时或未跛行蹄相比，跛行蹄在过度伸展期间的最大颅向加速度更大。神经周围麻醉后，跛行和未跛行肢体在蹄接触期间蹄的矢状面方向没有差异；然而，在过度伸展期间，颅向最大加速度和角运动范围的肢体间差异仍然存在。
结果表明，蹄运动学可能有助于检测小跑马匹的单侧负重前肢跛行。
