Buchner H H, Savelberg H H, Schamhardt H C, Barneveld A
Department of General, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Equine Vet J. 1996 Jan;28(1):63-70. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01591.x.
The kinematic patterns of all limbs of 11 clinically nonlame Dutch Warmblood horses were studied during induced supporting limb lameness to gain insight into the compensation mechanisms horses use to manage lameness and to test kinematic limb variables for their significance as lameness indicators. Using the locomotion analysis system CODA-3, the kinematics of the horses were recorded while walking (1.6 m/s) and trotting (3.5 m/s) on a treadmill. A transient lameness model, evoking pressure on the hoof sole, was used to induce 3 degrees of fore- and hindlimb lameness. Joint angle patterns and hoof movements were analysed using joint angle/time diagrams and the hoof trajectories in the sagittal plane. Quantitative analysis of 13 selected variables in each limb was done using a 2-way analysis of variance. Hyperextension of the fetlock joint and flexion of the coffin joint during the stance phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the lame limb, both in fore- and hindlimb lameness, at both gaits. In the contralateral nonlame limbs both variables increased compensatorily. Flexion increased with increasing lameness in the proximal joints, i.e. the shoulder joint and even more the tarsal joint of the lame limb. The retraction of both forelimbs decreased during forelimb lameness at the walk, while in the lame hindlimb the protraction decreased. The hoof arcs were lower in the lame limb than in the nonlame limb, due to an increased hoof height in the nonlame limb during forelimb lameness and to a decreased height in the lame limb during hindlimb lameness. It was concluded that patterns of the distal joints reflect the different loadings of the limbs during lameness. Proximal joints acted as load dampers to reduce peak forces in the lame limb. Hyperextension of the fetlock and flexion of the coffin joint proved to be the most sensitive indicators for fore- and hindlimb lameness.
对11匹临床无跛行的荷兰温血马的所有肢体在诱发支撑肢跛行期间的运动模式进行了研究，以深入了解马匹用于应对跛行的补偿机制，并测试运动肢体变量作为跛行指标的意义。使用运动分析系统CODA - 3，在跑步机上以1.6米/秒的速度行走和以3.5米/秒的速度小跑时记录马匹的运动学数据。采用一种诱发蹄底压力的短暂跛行模型，诱发前肢和后肢3度跛行。使用关节角度/时间图和矢状面内的蹄轨迹分析关节角度模式和蹄的运动。对每个肢体中13个选定变量进行双向方差分析。在站立期，无论前肢还是后肢跛行，在两种步态下，患跛行肢体的球节过度伸展和蹄关节屈曲均显著降低（P < 0.05）。在对侧无跛行肢体中，这两个变量均出现代偿性增加。近端关节（即患跛行肢体的肩关节，尤其是跗关节）的屈曲随着跛行程度的增加而增加。前肢跛行时，行走时双前肢的后缩减少，而跛行后肢的前伸减少。由于前肢跛行时无跛行肢体的蹄高增加以及后肢跛行时跛行肢体的蹄高降低，跛行肢体的蹄弧低于无跛行肢体。得出的结论是，远端关节的模式反映了跛行期间肢体的不同负荷情况。近端关节起到了负荷缓冲器的作用，以降低跛行肢体中的峰值力。球节过度伸展和蹄关节屈曲被证明是前肢和后肢跛行最敏感的指标。
