Moorman Valerie J, Reiser Raoul F, Peterson Michael L, McIlwraith C Wayne, Kawcak Chris E
Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 2013 Sep;74(9):1192-7. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.9.1192.
To determine kinematic changes to the hoof of horses at a walk after induction of unilateral, weight-bearing forelimb lameness and to determine whether hoof kinematics return to prelameness (baseline) values after perineural anesthesia.
6 clinically normal Quarter Horses.
For each horse, a sole-pressure model was used to induce 3 grades of lameness in the right forelimb, after which perineural anesthesia was administered to eliminate lameness. Optical kinematics were obtained for both forelimbs with the horse walking before (baseline) and after induction of each grade of lameness and after perineural anesthesia. Linear acceleration profiles were used to identify hoof events, and each stride was divided into hoof-contact, break-over, initial-swing, terminal-swing, and total-swing segments. Kinematic variables were compared within and between limbs for each segment by use of mixed repeated-measures ANOVA.
During the hoof-contact and terminal-swing segments, the hoof of the left (nonlame) forelimb had greater sagittal-plane orientation than did the hoof of the right (lame) forelimb. For the lame limb following lameness induction, the break-over duration and maximum cranial acceleration were increased from baseline. After perineural anesthesia, break-over duration for the lame limb returned to a value similar to that at baseline, and orientation of the hoof during the terminal-swing segment did not differ between the lame and nonlame limbs.
Subclinical unilateral forelimb lameness resulted in significant alterations to hoof kinematics in horses that are walking, and the use of hoof kinematics may be beneficial for the detection of subclinical lameness in horses.
确定诱导单侧负重前肢跛行后马在行走时蹄部的运动学变化，并确定在神经周围麻醉后蹄部运动学是否恢复到跛行前（基线）值。
6匹临床正常的夸特马。
对每匹马，使用足底压力模型在右前肢诱导3级跛行，之后给予神经周围麻醉以消除跛行。在每匹马行走时，于诱导每级跛行前（基线）、诱导后以及神经周围麻醉后，获取两前肢的光学运动学数据。使用线性加速度曲线来识别蹄部事件，并且将每个步幅分为蹄接触、跨越、初始摆动、末端摆动和总摆动阶段。通过使用混合重复测量方差分析，比较各阶段内和两肢之间的运动学变量。
在蹄接触和末端摆动阶段，左（非跛）前肢蹄部的矢状面方向比右（跛）前肢蹄部更大。对于诱导跛行后的跛肢，跨越持续时间和最大颅向加速度较基线增加。神经周围麻醉后，跛肢的跨越持续时间恢复到与基线时相似的值，并且在末端摆动阶段，跛肢和非跛肢蹄部的方向没有差异。
亚临床单侧前肢跛行会导致行走马匹的蹄部运动学发生显著改变，并且蹄部运动学的应用可能有助于检测马匹的亚临床跛行。
