Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Am J Hypertens. 2013 Oct;26(10):1218-23. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt139. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
The recommendation to restrict dietary sodium for management of hypertensive cardiovascular disease assumes that sodium intake exceeds physiologic need, that it can be significantly reduced, and that the reduction can be maintained over time. In contrast, neuroscientists have identified neural circuits in vertebrate animals that regulate sodium appetite within a narrow physiologic range. This study further validates our previous report that sodium intake, consistent with the neuroscience, tracks within a narrow range, consistent over time and across cultures.
Peer-reviewed publications reporting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) in a defined population that were not included in our 2009 publication were identified from the medical literature. These datasets were combined with those in our previous report of worldwide dietary sodium consumption.
The new data included 129 surveys, representing 50,060 participants. The mean value and range of 24-hour UNaV in each of these datasets were within 1 SD of our previous estimate. The combined mean and normal range of sodium intake of the 129 datasets were nearly identical to that we previously reported (mean = 158.3±22.5 vs. 162.4±22.4 mmol/d). Merging the previous and new datasets (n = 190) yielded sodium consumption of 159.4±22.3 mmol/d (range = 114-210 mmol/d; 2,622-4,830mg/d).
Human sodium intake, as defined by 24-hour UNaV, is characterized by a narrow range that is remarkably reproducible over at least 5 decades and across 45 countries. As documented here, this range is determined by physiologic needs rather than environmental factors. Future guidelines should be based on this biologically determined range.
限制高血压心血管疾病患者的钠摄入量的建议假设钠的摄入量超过了生理需要量，可以显著减少，并且可以长期维持。相比之下，神经科学家已经在脊椎动物中发现了调节钠食欲的神经回路，其范围在生理范围内。本研究进一步验证了我们之前的报告，即钠的摄入量与神经科学一致，在一个狭窄的范围内波动，在时间和文化上都保持一致。
从医学文献中确定了未包含在我们 2009 年报告中的报告特定人群 24 小时尿钠排泄量 (UNaV) 的同行评审出版物。将这些数据集与我们之前报告的全球膳食钠摄入量的数据结合起来。
新数据包括 129 项调查，代表 50060 名参与者。这些数据集中的每个数据集的 24 小时 UNaV 的平均值和范围都在我们之前的估计值的 1 个标准差内。129 个数据集的钠摄入量的合并平均值和正常范围与我们之前报告的几乎相同（平均值=158.3±22.5 vs. 162.4±22.4mmol/d）。合并之前和新的数据集（n=190）得到的钠摄入量为 159.4±22.3mmol/d（范围为 114-210mmol/d；2622-4830mg/d）。
正如 24 小时 UNaV 所定义的那样，人类的钠摄入量具有狭窄的范围，至少在 50 年内和 45 个国家中具有惊人的可重复性。正如这里所记录的，这个范围是由生理需求决定的，而不是环境因素。未来的指南应该基于这个生物学上确定的范围。
