Darzi J, Frost G S, Montaser R, Yap J, Robertson M D
Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 May;38(5):675-81. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.157. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Vinegar is promoted as a natural appetite suppressant, based on previous reports that vinegar ingestion significantly increases subsequent satiety. However there are concerns about the appropriateness and safety of this advice, and it is unclear if poor product palatability may explain previously published effects on appetite.
To investigate if vinegar palatability and tolerability have a role in suppressing appetite and food intake in two sequential and related acute human feeding studies.
Healthy, young, normal weight unrestrained eaters were recruited to Study 1 (n=16), an acute feeding study supplying vinegar within both palatable and unpalatable drinks alongside a mixed breakfast in comparison to a non-vinegar control; and to Study 2 (n=14), a modified sham feeding study (taste only without ingestion) comparing vinegar to a non-vinegar control following a milkshake preload. Both studies were a randomized crossover balanced design for the assessment of appetite, energy intake and glycaemic response.
In Study 1, ingestion of vinegar significantly reduced quantitative and subjective measures of appetite, which were accompanied by significantly higher nausea ratings, with unpalatable treatment having the greatest effect. Significant correlations between palatability ratings and appetite measures were found. In Study 2, orosensory stimulation with vinegar did not influence subsequent subjective or quantitative measures of appetite compared with control.
These studies indicate that vinegar ingestion enhances satiety whereas orosensory stimulation alone does not, and that these effects are largely due to poor tolerability following ingestion invoking feelings of nausea. On this basis the promotion of vinegar as a natural appetite suppressant does not seem appropriate.
基于先前的报道称摄入醋能显著增加随后的饱腹感，醋被宣传为一种天然的食欲抑制剂。然而，人们对这一建议的合理性和安全性存在担忧，而且尚不清楚产品口感不佳是否可以解释先前发表的对食欲的影响。
在两项连续且相关的急性人体喂养研究中，调查醋的适口性和耐受性在抑制食欲和食物摄入量方面是否起作用。
招募健康、年轻、体重正常的无节制饮食者参与研究1（n = 16），这是一项急性喂养研究，与不含醋的对照相比，在可口和不可口的饮料中添加醋，并搭配一顿混合早餐；以及参与研究2（n = 14），这是一项改良的假喂养研究（仅品尝而不摄入），在预服奶昔后将醋与不含醋的对照进行比较。两项研究均采用随机交叉平衡设计，以评估食欲、能量摄入和血糖反应。
在研究1中，摄入醋显著降低了食欲的定量和主观测量指标，同时伴有显著更高的恶心评分，不可口处理的效果最为显著。发现适口性评分与食欲测量指标之间存在显著相关性。在研究2中，与对照组相比，用醋进行口腔感觉刺激并未影响随后食欲的主观或定量测量指标。
这些研究表明，摄入醋可增强饱腹感，而仅口腔感觉刺激则不能，并且这些影响很大程度上是由于摄入后耐受性差引发了恶心感。基于此，将醋宣传为天然食欲抑制剂似乎并不合适。
