Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Asociada de Entomología UJI-IVIA, 46113, Moncada, Spain.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2014 Jan;62(1):33-46. doi: 10.1007/s10493-013-9726-2. Epub 2013 Aug 25.
Conservation and augmentative biological control strategies have been developed to take full advantage of the natural enemies that occur in Spanish citrus orchards. Among them, the predatory mites Euseius stipulatus, Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis play an important role in the biological control of tetranychid mites. However, these predatory mites are often affected by pesticides and information about the side-effects of these products against these beneficial arthropods is essential to guarantee their efficacy. The side-effects of some pesticides remain unknown and the primary aim of this study was to fill this gap. We have further used this information and that collected from other sources to compare the response of these three mite species to pesticides. Based on this information, E. stipulatus has the most tolerant species, followed by N. californicus and P. persimilis. Therefore, using E. stipulatus as an indicator species in citrus may have led to the paradox of selecting presumed selective pesticides resulting in excessive impact on N. californicus and, especially on P. persimilis. Because these two latter species are considered key for the biological control of T. urticae in citrus, especially clementines, in Spain, we propose to use P. persimilis as the relevant indicator of such effects on predacious mites occurring in citrus instead of E. stipulatus. This change could have a dramatic impact on the satisfactory control of tetranychid mites in citrus in the near future.
保护和增强生物防治策略已经被开发出来，以充分利用发生在西班牙柑橘果园中的天敌。其中，捕食性螨类如智利小植绥螨、加州新小绥螨和巴氏新小绥螨在智利叶螨的生物防治中起着重要作用。然而，这些捕食性螨类经常受到农药的影响，了解这些产品对这些有益节肢动物的副作用信息对于保证它们的功效至关重要。一些农药的副作用仍然未知，本研究的主要目的是填补这一空白。我们进一步利用这些信息和其他来源收集的信息，比较了这三种螨类对农药的反应。基于这些信息，智利小植绥螨是最具耐受性的物种，其次是加州新小绥螨和巴氏新小绥螨。因此，在柑橘中使用智利小植绥螨作为指示物种可能导致了选择所谓选择性农药的悖论，这对加州新小绥螨产生了过度影响，尤其是对巴氏新小绥螨。由于后两种物种被认为是西班牙柑橘，特别是克莱门氏小柑橘中智利叶螨生物防治的关键，因此我们建议使用巴氏新小绥螨作为柑橘中发生的捕食性螨类的相关指示物，而不是智利小植绥螨。这种变化可能会对柑橘智利叶螨的近期满意控制产生巨大影响。
