Falomir María Pilar, Rico Hortensia, Gozalbo Daniel
Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain .
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2013 Dec;10(12):1002-7. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1552. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic or commensal enterobacteria in marketed agricultural foodstuffs may contribute to their incorporation into the food chain and constitutes an additional food safety concern. In this work, we have determined the clinically relevant resistances to 11 common chemotherapeutic agents in Enterobacter and Klebsiella isolates from fresh vegetables from various sources (supermarkets and greengrocers' shops in Valencia, Spain). A total of 96 isolates were obtained from 160 vegetables analyzed (50% positive samples): 68 Enterobacter isolates (59 E. cloacae, two E. aerogenes, two E. cancerogenus, one E. gergoviae, and four E. sakazakii, currently Cronobacter spp.), and 28 Klebsiella isolates (19 K. oxytoca and 9 K. pneumoniae). Only seven isolates were susceptible to all agents tested, and no resistances to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol were detected. Most isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (74 [58 Enterobacter and 16 Klebsiella]) or to ampicillin (80 [55/25]). Other resistances were less frequent: nitrofurantoin (13 isolates [12/1]), tetracycline (6 [5/1]), co-trimoxazole (3 [3/0]), cefotaxime (1 [1/0]), and streptomycin (2 [1/1]). Multiresistant isolates to two (56 [41/15]), three (10 E. cloacae isolates), four (one E. cloacae and one K. pneumoniae isolate), and five (two E. cloacae isolates) chemotherapeutic agents were also detected. The presence of potential pathogens points to marketed fresh produce, which often is eaten raw, as a risk factor for consumer health. In addition, these results support the usefulness of these bacterial species as indicators of the spreading of antibiotic resistances into the environment, particularly in the food chain, and suggest their role as carriers of resistance determinants from farms to consumers, which may constitute an additional "silent" food safety concern. Therefore, there is a need to improve the hygienic quality of marketed fresh vegetables, from better methods to prevent contamination in the farms to the use of sanitizing practices at home.
市售农产品中出现的具有抗生素抗性的致病性或共生肠杆菌可能会促使它们进入食物链，这构成了另一个食品安全问题。在这项研究中，我们测定了从不同来源（西班牙巴伦西亚的超市和蔬菜水果店）的新鲜蔬菜中分离出的肠杆菌属和克雷伯菌属菌株对11种常见化疗药物的临床相关耐药性。从160份分析的蔬菜中总共获得了96株分离菌（阳性样本占50%）：68株肠杆菌属分离菌（59株阴沟肠杆菌、2株产气肠杆菌、2株致癌肠杆菌、1株杰氏肠杆菌和4株阪崎肠杆菌，现为克罗诺杆菌属），以及28株克雷伯菌属分离菌（19株产酸克雷伯菌和9株肺炎克雷伯菌）。只有7株分离菌对所有测试药物敏感，未检测到对头孢他啶、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和氯霉素的耐药性。大多数分离菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（74株 [58株肠杆菌属和16株克雷伯菌属]）或氨苄西林（80株 [55/25]）耐药。其他耐药情况较少见：呋喃妥因（13株分离菌 [12/1]）、四环素（6株 [5/1]）、复方新诺明（3株 [3/0]）、头孢噻肟（1株 [1/0]）和链霉素（2株 [1/1]）。还检测到对两种（56株 [41/15]）、三种（10株阴沟肠杆菌分离菌）four (one E. cloacae and one K. pneumoniae isolate), and five (two E. cloacae isolates)化疗药物的多重耐药分离菌。潜在病原体的存在表明，经常生食的市售新鲜农产品是消费者健康的一个风险因素。此外，这些结果支持将这些细菌物种作为抗生素耐药性在环境中传播的指标，特别是在食物链中的传播指标，并表明它们作为耐药决定因素从农场到消费者的载体的作用，这可能构成另一个 “隐性” 食品安全问题。因此，有必要提高市售新鲜蔬菜的卫生质量，从更好的农场污染预防方法到在家中使用消毒措施。
