Ho E E, Liszt A, Pudel V
Northern California Cancer Center, Belmont 94002.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1990 Sep;90(9):1223-8.
To characterize restrained eating behavior, we fed pudding mixtures (preloads) varying in energy content and sweet taste to subjects before measuring their intake of a variety of appetizing foods in a laboratory setting. Twenty-four female subjects were divided into three groups: normal-weight restrained eaters (no. = 8), normal-weight non-restrained eaters (no. = 7), and over-weight restrained eaters (no. = 9). Classification of subjects was based on body mass and restrained eating score. Five preloads varying in energy content (393 or 67 kcal) and type of sweeteners (sucrose or cyclamate) were served 1/2 hour before test meals of assorted hors d'oeuvres. Subjects were not informed of the specific aim of the study, and were instructed to eat until full. Multivariate analysis of variance of repeated measures showed that food intake of all subjects was higher after eating low-energy preloads than after eating high-energy preloads, although subjects did not recognize the effect in self-reports (p less than .01). The energy intake of restrained normal-weight eaters was significantly (p less than .05) lower after eating sweet preloads than after eating non-sweet preloads. Findings suggest that a food-intake control mechanism responds to short-term energy deficits among subjects of varied body mass and restrained eating indexes. J Am Diet Assoc 90:1223-1228, 1990.
为了描述节制饮食行为，我们在实验室环境中测量受试者对各种开胃食物的摄入量之前，给他们喂食了能量含量和甜味不同的布丁混合物（预负荷）。24名女性受试者被分为三组：正常体重的节制饮食者（8人）、正常体重的非节制饮食者（7人）和超重的节制饮食者（9人）。受试者的分类基于体重和节制饮食得分。在提供各种开胃小吃的测试餐之前半小时，提供了五种能量含量（393千卡或67千卡）和甜味剂类型（蔗糖或甜蜜素）不同的预负荷。受试者未被告知该研究的具体目的，并被指示吃到饱为止。重复测量的多变量方差分析表明，尽管受试者在自我报告中未认识到这种影响（p小于0.01），但所有受试者在食用低能量预负荷后比食用高能量预负荷后的食物摄入量更高。正常体重的节制饮食者在食用甜味预负荷后的能量摄入量显著低于食用非甜味预负荷后（p小于0.05）。研究结果表明，食物摄入控制机制对不同体重和节制饮食指数的受试者的短期能量不足有反应。《美国饮食协会杂志》90:1223 - 1228，1990年。
