de Graaf C, Hulshof T
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Appetite. 1996 Apr;26(2):139-51. doi: 10.1006/appe.1996.0012.
This study was done to determine the relative effects of energy content and weight of ingested food on subsequent satiety and food intake. The weight/volume and the energy content of nine preloads were manipulated, in a 3 x 3 factorial design, to give three weight levels, 250, 500 and 750 g, and three energy levels 0, 1.26 and 2.51 MJ (0, 300 and 600 kcal). The weights were varied by the addition of water, while the energy levels were varied by using yogurt and cream. Each of the 1.26 and 2.51 MJ preloads contained 27 g of protein and 31 g of carbohydrates. The 1.26 MJ preloads contained 8 g of fat and the 2.51 MJ preloads had 41 g of fat. Each of the nine preloads was presented as a lunch to 21 female and 16 male subjects. Two hours after the preloads, subjects consumed sweet and savory snacks and various drinks ad libitum from a buffet. The weight of the preload had a small but statistically significant effect on feelings of hunger and satiety between preload and buffet, and on energy intake during the buffet (5.34, 5.05 and 5.04 MJ after 250, 500 and 750 g preloads). There was a large difference between 0 and 1.26 MJ, but little difference in effect between 1.26 and 2.51 MJ preloads. Mean energy intakes in the buffet after the 0, 1.26 and 2.51 MJ preloads were 6.17, 4.83 and 4.42 MJ. These results suggest that the weight or amount of food affects subsequent appetite and food intake, but the effect of energy is stronger.
本研究旨在确定摄入食物的能量含量和重量对后续饱腹感及食物摄入量的相对影响。采用3×3析因设计，对九种预负荷食物的重量/体积和能量含量进行操控，设置三个重量水平，即250、500和750克，以及三个能量水平，即0、1.26和2.51兆焦（0、300和600千卡）。通过添加水来改变重量，利用酸奶和奶油来改变能量水平。1.26和2.51兆焦的每种预负荷食物均含有27克蛋白质和31克碳水化合物。1.26兆焦的预负荷食物含有8克脂肪，2.51兆焦的预负荷食物含有41克脂肪。将九种预负荷食物中的每一种作为午餐提供给21名女性和16名男性受试者。预负荷食物食用两小时后，受试者可从自助餐中随意食用甜咸小吃和各种饮料。预负荷食物的重量对预负荷食物与自助餐之间的饥饿感和饱腹感以及自助餐期间的能量摄入量有微小但具有统计学意义的影响（250、500和750克预负荷食物后分别为5.34、5.05和5.04兆焦）。0和1.26兆焦之间存在很大差异，但1.26和2.51兆焦预负荷食物的效果差异不大。0、1.26和2.51兆焦预负荷食物后自助餐中的平均能量摄入量分别为6.17、4.83和4.42兆焦。这些结果表明，食物的重量或数量会影响后续的食欲和食物摄入量，但能量的影响更强。
