Hosseini Habibollah, Torkani Sara, Tavakol Khosrow
Department of Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2013 Jan;18(1):47-53.
Perceived self-efficacy is a strong predictor for behavior. Considering the importance of health-promoting self-care behaviors in increasing quality of life in the elderly, this study was aimed at defining the effect of nurse home visits on self-care self-efficacy of the elderly in rural areas.
This is a pre and post quasi-experimental study conducted on 33 older adults randomly selected from five villages in Falavarjan province in Iran. Intervention program was in the direction of self-care self-efficacy in four domains including nutrition, health practice, physical activity, and well-being in the form of five home visit programs and one group session by a nurse during 6 weeks, and included two different sections of education and nursing interventions administered based on needs assessment and determination of the tasks for the clients and their families. Theoretical framework of this study was supported by Bandura's self-efficacy, Orem's self-care theory, and Pender's revised health promotion model. The data were collected by self-care self-efficacy and demographic information questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test.
The mean elderly score in the four aforementioned domains increased after the home visit program. A significant difference was seen in the mean total scores of self-care self-efficacy and its subscales by paired t-test before and after intervention (P < 0.001).
It was observed that home visit program, integrated with the theories, had a positive influence on improving self-care self-efficacy of the elderly, and was supported by Bandura's theory of self-efficacy suggesting four sources of performance accomplishment, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal. With regard to the importance of self-care behavior in health promotion of the elderly, multifaceted low-cost interventions with the highest effect seem essential.
自我效能感是行为的有力预测指标。鉴于促进健康的自我护理行为在提高老年人生活质量方面的重要性，本研究旨在确定护士家访对农村地区老年人自我护理自我效能感的影响。
这是一项前后对照的准实验研究，对从伊朗法拉瓦尔詹省五个村庄随机选取的33名老年人进行。干预计划针对营养、健康实践、体育活动和幸福感这四个领域的自我护理自我效能感，形式为六周内的五次家访计划和一次护士小组会议，包括根据需求评估和为服务对象及其家庭确定的任务实施的教育和护理干预两个不同部分。本研究的理论框架得到班杜拉自我效能感理论、奥瑞姆自我护理理论和彭德修订的健康促进模型的支持。在干预前后通过自我护理自我效能感和人口统计学信息问卷收集数据。数据采用描述性统计和配对t检验进行分析。
家访计划实施后，上述四个领域的老年人平均得分有所提高。通过配对t检验，干预前后自我护理自我效能感及其子量表的平均总分存在显著差异（P < 0.001）。
观察到与理论相结合的家访计划对提高老年人的自我护理自我效能感有积极影响，并且得到班杜拉自我效能感理论的支持，该理论提出了绩效成就、替代经验、言语说服和情绪唤起这四个来源。鉴于自我护理行为在老年人健康促进中的重要性，似乎有必要开展效果最佳的多方面低成本干预措施。
