Shephard Gordon S, Burger Hester-Mari, Gambacorta Lucia, Gong Yun Yun, Krska Rudolf, Rheeder John P, Solfrizzo Michele, Srey Chou, Sulyok Michael, Visconti Angelo, Warth Benedikt, van der Westhuizen Liana
PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Dec;62:217-25. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.040. Epub 2013 Aug 25.
Subsistence farmers are exposed to a range of mycotoxins. This study applied novel urinary multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS methods to determine multiple exposure biomarkers in the high oesophageal cancer region, Transkei, South Africa. Fifty-three female participants donated part of their maize-based evening meal and first void morning urine, which was analysed both with sample clean-up (single and multi-biomarker) and by a 'dilute-and-shoot' multi-biomarker method. Results were corrected for recovery with LOD for not detected. A single biomarker method detected fumonisin B1 (FB1) (87% incidence; mean±standard deviation 0.342±0.466 ng/mg creatinine) and deoxynivalenol (100%; mean 20.4±49.4 ng/mg creatinine) after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. The multi-biomarker 'dilute-and-shoot' method indicated deoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide was predominantly present. A multi-biomarker method with β-glucuronidase and immunoaffinity clean-up determined zearalenone (100%; 0.529±1.60 ng/mg creatinine), FB1 (96%; 1.52±2.17 ng/mg creatinine), α-zearalenol (92%; 0.614±1.91 ng/mg creatinine), deoxynivalenol (87%; 11.3±27.1 ng/mg creatinine), β-zearalenol (75%; 0.702±2.95 ng/mg creatinine) and ochratoxin A (98%; 0.041±0.086 ng/mg creatinine). These demonstrate the value of multi-biomarker methods in measuring exposures in populations exposed to multiple mycotoxins. This is the first finding of urinary deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, their conjugates, ochratoxin A and zearalenols in Transkei.
自给自足的农民会接触到多种霉菌毒素。本研究应用新型尿液多霉菌毒素液相色谱 - 串联质谱法，以确定南非特兰斯凯高食管癌地区的多种暴露生物标志物。53名女性参与者捐赠了部分以玉米为主的晚餐和晨尿，样本采用净化处理（单生物标志物和多生物标志物）以及“稀释直接进样”多生物标志物法进行分析。对未检测到的结果用检测限进行回收率校正。单生物标志物法在经β - 葡萄糖醛酸酶水解后检测到伏马毒素B1（FB1）（发生率87%；平均值±标准差为0.342±0.466 ng/mg肌酐）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（100%；平均值20.4±49.4 ng/mg肌酐）。多生物标志物“稀释直接进样”法表明主要存在脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 - 15 - 葡萄糖醛酸苷。采用β - 葡萄糖醛酸酶和免疫亲和净化的多生物标志物法测定了玉米赤霉烯酮（100%；0.529±1.60 ng/mg肌酐）、FB1（96%；1.52±2.17 ng/mg肌酐）、α - 玉米赤霉烯醇（92%；0.614±1.91 ng/mg肌酐）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（87%；11.3±27.1 ng/mg肌酐）、β - 玉米赤霉烯醇（75%；0.702±2.95 ng/mg肌酐）和赭曲霉毒素A（98%；0.041±0.086 ng/mg肌酐）。这些结果证明了多生物标志物法在测量接触多种霉菌毒素人群暴露情况方面的价值。这是在特兰斯凯首次发现尿液中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、它们的共轭物、赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯醇。
