LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Salah Boubnider University 3, Constantine 5000, Algeria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Aug 12;20(16):6566. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20166566.
Mycotoxins, produced by fungi as secondary metabolites, have the potential to induce both short-term and long-term toxic consequences in animals and humans. The present study aimed to determine multi-mycotoxin levels in Algerian workers using urine as the target. A method based on a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was optimized and validated for the determination of eleven mycotoxins in 96 urine samples. Different sorbents were tested to be used in the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup step of QuEChERS. The final method was fit-for-purpose and showed good analytical performance in terms of specificity, linearity, and precision. All samples contained at least two mycotoxins, and toxin-2 (T-2) was the most common, being found in 92.7% of the samples, followed by zearalenone (ZEN) in 90.6% of positive samples, and ochratoxin A (OTA) in 86.4%. T-2 levels ranged from 0.3 μg/L to 36.3 μg/L, while OTA ranged from 0.3 μg/L to 3.5 μg/L, and ZEN ranged from 7.6 μg/L to 126.8 μg/L. This was the first mycotoxin biomonitoring study carried out in the Algerian population. The findings highlight the need for accurate data for better risk assessment and for the development of better regulation to manage mycotoxin contamination in this country.
真菌作为次级代谢产物产生的霉菌毒素有可能在动物和人类中引起短期和长期的毒性后果。本研究旨在通过尿液作为目标，确定阿尔及利亚工人的多霉菌毒素水平。建立了一种基于 QuEChERS（快速、简单、廉价、有效、坚固、安全）提取程序的方法，并结合液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS），用于测定 96 个尿液样本中的 11 种霉菌毒素。对不同的吸附剂进行了测试，以用于 QuEChERS 的分散固相萃取（d-SPE）净化步骤。最终的方法是合适的，并在特异性、线性和精密度方面表现出良好的分析性能。所有样品均至少含有两种霉菌毒素，其次是 T-2（92.7%），毒素-2（T-2）是最常见的，其次是玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）（90.6%），赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）（86.4%）。T-2 水平范围为 0.3μg/L 至 36.3μg/L，而 OTA 范围为 0.3μg/L 至 3.5μg/L，ZEN 范围为 7.6μg/L 至 126.8μg/L。这是在阿尔及利亚人群中进行的首次霉菌毒素生物监测研究。研究结果强调需要准确的数据，以进行更好的风险评估，并制定更好的法规来管理该国的霉菌毒素污染。
