Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
Proteomics. 2013 Jun;13(12-13):1850-70. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201200394.
Seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. During germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors.However, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. Recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zeamays), tea (Camellia sinensis), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and Norway maple (Acer platanoides) under different treatments including metal ions (e.g. copper and cadmium), drought, low temperature, hormones, and chemicals (gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and α-amanitin), as well as Fusarium graminearum infection. A total of 561 environmental factor-responsive proteins have been identified with various expression patterns in germinating seeds. The data highlight diverse regulatory and metabolic mechanisms upon seed germination, including induction of environmental factor-responsive signaling pathways, seed storage reserve mobilization and utilization, enhancement of DNA repair and modification, regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis, modulation of cell structure, and cell defense. In this review, we summarize the interesting findings and discuss the relevance and significance for our understanding of environmental regulation of seed germination.
种子萌发是高等植物生命周期中的一个关键过程。在萌发过程中，吸胀的成熟种子对不同的环境因素高度敏感。然而，关于环境对萌发影响的分子和生理机制的知识还很缺乏。最近的蛋白质组学研究为拟南芥、水稻（Oryza sativa）、大豆（Glycine max）、大麦（Hordeum vulgare）、玉米（Zeamays）、茶（Camellia sinensis）、欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）和挪威枫（Acer platanoides）萌发种子在不同处理下的分子过程提供了宝贵的见解，包括金属离子（如铜和镉）、干旱、低温、激素和化学物质（赤霉素、脱落酸、水杨酸和α-鹅膏蕈碱），以及禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）感染。共鉴定出 561 种具有不同表达模式的环境因子响应蛋白。这些数据突出了种子萌发过程中多样化的调节和代谢机制，包括诱导环境因子响应信号通路、种子贮藏物质的动员和利用、增强 DNA 修复和修饰、调控基因表达和蛋白质合成、调节细胞结构和细胞防御。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有趣的发现，并讨论了其对我们理解环境对种子萌发调控的相关性和意义。
