Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
Plant Mol Biol. 2010 May;73(1-2):15-25. doi: 10.1007/s11103-010-9623-6. Epub 2010 Mar 21.
In forest broadleaves from the temperate zone, a large number of species exhibit seed dormancy phenomena. Tree seeds show some of the most pronounced and complicated forms of dormancy in the plant kingdom. Many seeds are deeply physiologically dormant whatever their moisture level and age. However, dormancy can usually be overcome by a cold or warm stratification for several months. The transition from seed dormancy to germination is a multi-step process. In combination with the availability of genome sequence data, proteomics has opened up enormous possibilities for identifying the total set of expressed proteins as well as expression changes during dormancy breaking. The proteomic approach used for analysis of dormancy breaking of tree seeds offers new data allowing better understanding of the mechanism of deep physiological dormancy. The results of proteomic studies on dormancy breaking and the presence of abscisic and gibberellic acids in tree seeds (beech Fagus sylvatica L., Norway maple Acer platanoides L. and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus L.), help to explain this process better. Most of the changes in protein expression were observed at the end of stratification and in the germinated seeds. This is the most active period of dormancy breaking when seeds pass from the quiescent state to germination. The analysis of the proteins' function showed that the mechanism of seed dormancy breaking involves many processes. Energy metabolism, proteasome, transcription, protein synthesis, signal transduction and methionine metabolism proteins have a special importance.
在温带阔叶林物种中，大量物种表现出种子休眠现象。树木种子在植物界中表现出一些最明显和最复杂的休眠形式。无论其水分水平和年龄如何，许多种子都处于深度生理休眠状态。然而，休眠通常可以通过冷或暖分层几个月来克服。从种子休眠到发芽的转变是一个多步骤的过程。结合基因组序列数据的可用性，蛋白质组学为鉴定休眠打破过程中所有表达蛋白以及表达变化开辟了巨大的可能性。用于分析树木种子休眠打破的蛋白质组学方法提供了新的数据，有助于更好地理解深度生理休眠的机制。关于休眠打破的蛋白质组学研究结果以及树木种子中脱落酸和赤霉素的存在（山毛榉 Fagus sylvatica L.、挪威枫 Acer platanoides L. 和美国梧桐 Acer pseudoplatanus L.），有助于更好地解释这一过程。在分层结束时和发芽的种子中观察到大多数蛋白质表达的变化。这是休眠打破最活跃的时期，此时种子从静止状态进入发芽状态。对蛋白质功能的分析表明，种子休眠打破的机制涉及许多过程。能量代谢、蛋白酶体、转录、蛋白质合成、信号转导和蛋氨酸代谢蛋白具有特殊的重要性。
