Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2013 Nov;97:204-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.08.002. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Worldwide concern about the occurrence of trace metals in greenhouse vegetable production soils (GVPS) is growing. In this study, a total of 385 surface GVPS samples were collected in Shouguang and four vegetable production bases in Nanjing, Eastern China, for the determination of As and Hg using atomic fluorescence spectrometry and Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geo-accumulation indices and factor analysis were used to investigate the accumulation and sources of the trace metals in soils in Eastern China. The results revealed that greenhouse production practices increased accumulation of the trace metals, particularly Cd, Zn, and Cu in soils and their accumulation became significant with increasing years of cultivation. Accumulation of Cd and Zn was also found in soils from organic greenhouses. The GVPS was generally less polluted or moderately polluted by As, Cu, Zn, and Pb but heavily polluted by Cd and Hg in some locations. Overall, accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Cu in GVPS was primarily associated with anthropogenic activities, particularly, application of manure. The high level of Hg found in some sites was related to historical heavy application of Hg containing pesticides. However, further identification of Hg sources is needed. To reduce accumulation of the trace metals in GVPS, organic fertilizer application should be suggested through development and implementation of reasonable and sustainable strategies.
全世界都在关注温室蔬菜生产土壤（GVPS）中痕量金属的出现。本研究共采集了中国东部寿光市和南京市四个蔬菜生产基地的 385 个表层 GVPS 样品，采用原子荧光光谱法测定砷和汞，电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅、铜、镉和锌。采用地积累指数和因子分析方法研究了中国东部土壤中痕量金属的积累和来源。结果表明，温室生产实践增加了土壤中痕量金属，特别是镉、锌和铜的积累，且随着种植年限的增加，其积累量显著增加。有机温室土壤中也发现了镉和锌的积累。总体而言，在某些地区，GVPS 中的砷、铜、锌和铅污染较轻或中度污染，但镉和汞污染严重。总体而言，GVPS 中镉、锌和铜的积累主要与人为活动有关，特别是有机肥的施用。一些地区汞含量较高，与历史上大量使用含汞农药有关。然而，仍需要进一步确定汞的来源。为了减少 GVPS 中痕量金属的积累，应通过制定和实施合理可持续的策略，建议施用有机肥料。
