Klostermann Swaantje, Bolte Gabriele
Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Mar;217(2-3):363-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Unprotected sun exposure especially during childhood is a risk factor for skin cancer. A combined use of sun protection measures is recommended to protect children. However, the prevalence and determinants for combined use have been scarcely studied in children. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of parental sun protection behaviour.
A cross-sectional survey was performed in five regions in Bavaria (Germany) during school entrance health examination (2010/2011). Parents of 4579 children (47% female, aged 5-6 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire (response 61%).
Most children were regularly protected with single measures (shade (69%), clothes (80%), hat (83%), sunscreen (89%), sunglasses (20%)). However, regarding regular and combined use, >50% of children were inadequately protected. Larger family size, lower household equivalent income, darker skin and sunburn history were associated with inadequate use of different sun protection measures. The less frequent use of one sun protection measure was associated with less frequent use of the others. Child's sex, migration background, parental education and sun exposure showed inconsistent results regarding the different sun protection outcomes.
Based on our results a regular, combined and correct use of multiple sun protection for children should be promoted independent of sociodemographic characteristics. Priority of shade, clothes and hat before sunscreen should be clarified.
无防护的阳光暴露，尤其是在儿童时期，是皮肤癌的一个风险因素。建议联合使用防晒措施来保护儿童。然而，儿童联合使用防晒措施的患病率及决定因素鲜有研究。本研究的目的是确定父母防晒行为的决定因素。
在巴伐利亚州（德国）的五个地区入学健康检查期间（2010/2011年）进行了一项横断面调查。4579名儿童（47%为女性，年龄5至6岁）的父母完成了一份自填式问卷（回复率61%）。
大多数儿童经常采取单一防晒措施（遮阳（69%）、穿衣服（80%）、戴帽子（83%）、涂防晒霜（89%）、戴太阳镜（20%））。然而，在常规和联合使用方面，超过50%的儿童防护不足。家庭规模较大、家庭等值收入较低、皮肤较黑和有晒伤史与不同防晒措施使用不足有关。一种防晒措施使用频率较低与其他防晒措施使用频率较低相关。儿童性别、移民背景、父母教育程度和阳光暴露在不同防晒结果方面显示出不一致的结果。
根据我们的研究结果，应促进对儿童定期、联合和正确使用多种防晒措施，而不受社会人口统计学特征的影响。应明确在使用防晒霜之前优先使用遮阳、衣服和帽子。
