Ackermann Simone, Vuadens Anne, Levi Fabio, Bulliard Jean-Luc
Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2016 Nov 12;146:w14370. doi: 10.4414/smw.2016.14370. eCollection 2016.
Although solar overexposure during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of melanoma, determinants of sunburn and sun protective behaviours of Swiss children have scarcely been explored. We investigated sunburn occurrence and sun protective behaviours of schoolchildren in western Switzerland, the region with the highest incidence of melanoma in Europe.
Self-reported questionnaires were administered during regular classes to pupils in 5th (primary school, n = 431), 8th and 11th grades (secondary school, n = 837) in the 18 public schools of La Chaux-de-Fonds. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of sunburns and of three sun protective behaviours (sunscreen, shade, wear of covering clothes).
Response rate was 91%. Sunburn prevalence over the preceding year was high (60% at least one sunburn, 30% at least two, 43% at least one severe sunburn). Younger age, fair skin, regular sunscreen use, higher sun-related knowledge and preference for a tanned skin were predictors of sunburn. Sunscreen was the most used protective measure (69%), followed by seeking shade (33%) and wearing long-sleeved shirts (32%). Decline in all protective measures was observed in older pupils and those with pro-tan attitudes. The wear of covering clothes was significantly associated with sunscreen use and seeking shade. Parental encouragement favoured sunscreen use and wearing of protective clothes.
Sunscreen use as a last protective barrier against ultraviolet radiation should be better emphasised in prevention campaigns targeting children and adolescents. Multi-faceted interventions, including role models, parents and peers should help to improve children's sun protective behaviours.
尽管儿童期和青少年期过度暴露于阳光下会增加患黑色素瘤的风险，但瑞士儿童晒伤的决定因素和防晒行为却鲜有研究。我们调查了瑞士西部小学生的晒伤情况和防晒行为，该地区是欧洲黑色素瘤发病率最高的地区。
在纳沙泰尔的18所公立学校，对五年级（小学，n = 431）、八年级和十一年级（中学，n = 837）的学生在常规课堂上进行了自填式问卷调查。进行描述性统计和多因素逻辑回归分析，以评估晒伤的预测因素和三种防晒行为（使用防晒霜、寻找阴凉处、穿着覆盖衣物）。
回复率为91%。上一年的晒伤患病率很高（60%至少有一次晒伤，30%至少有两次，43%至少有一次严重晒伤）。年龄较小、皮肤白皙、经常使用防晒霜、较高的阳光相关知识以及对晒黑皮肤的偏好是晒伤的预测因素。防晒霜是最常用的防护措施（69%），其次是寻找阴凉处（33%）和穿长袖衬衫（32%）。在年龄较大的学生和有晒黑倾向的学生中，所有防护措施的使用率均有所下降。穿着覆盖衣物与使用防晒霜和寻找阴凉处显著相关。父母的鼓励有利于使用防晒霜和穿着防护衣物。
在针对儿童和青少年的预防运动中，应更好地强调将使用防晒霜作为抵御紫外线辐射的最后一道防护屏障。包括榜样、父母和同伴在内的多方面干预措施应有助于改善儿童的防晒行为。
