Schönfelder Sandra, Kanske Philipp, Heissler Janine, Wessa Michèle
Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Social Neuroscience, Leipzig, Center for Doctoral Studies in Social and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Mannheim and Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Social Neuroscience, Leipzig, Center for Doctoral Studies in Social and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Mannheim and Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Social Neuroscience, Leipzig, Center for Doctoral Studies in Social and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Mannheim and Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Social Neuroscience, Leipzig, Center for Doctoral Studies in Social and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Mannheim and Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Sep;9(9):1310-9. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst116. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
Theoretical accounts of emotion regulation (ER) discriminate various cognitive strategies to voluntarily modify emotional states. Amongst these, attentional deployment (i.e. distraction) and cognitive change (i.e. reappraisal), have been shown to successfully down-regulate emotions. Neuroimaging studies found that both strategies differentially engage neural structures associated with selective attention, working memory and cognitive control. The aim of this study was to further delineate similarities and differences between the ER strategies reappraisal and distraction by investigating their temporal brain dynamics using event-related potentials (ERPs) and their patterns of facial expressive behavior. Twenty-one participants completed an ER experiment in which they had to either passively view positive, neutral and negative pictures, reinterpret them to down-regulate affective responses (reappraisal), or solve a concurrently presented mathematical equation (distraction). Results demonstrate the efficacy of both strategies in the subjective control of emotion, accompanied by reductions of facial expressive activity (Corrugator supercilii and Zygomaticus major). ERP results indicated that distraction, compared with reappraisal, yielded a stronger and earlier attenuation of the late positive potential (LPP) magnitude for negative pictures. For positive pictures, only distraction but not reappraisal had significant effect on LPP attenuation. The results support the process model of ER, separating subtypes of cognitive strategies based on their specific time course.
情绪调节（ER）的理论阐述区分了各种用于自愿改变情绪状态的认知策略。其中，注意力分配（即分心）和认知改变（即重新评价）已被证明能成功下调情绪。神经影像学研究发现，这两种策略在不同程度上涉及与选择性注意、工作记忆和认知控制相关的神经结构。本研究的目的是通过使用事件相关电位（ERP）研究其时间性脑动力学以及面部表情行为模式，进一步阐明重新评价和分心这两种情绪调节策略之间的异同。21名参与者完成了一项情绪调节实验，在实验中他们要么被动观看积极、中性和消极图片，要么对这些图片进行重新解读以下调情感反应（重新评价），要么同时解一道数学方程（分心）。结果表明这两种策略在情绪的主观控制方面均有效，同时面部表情活动（皱眉肌和颧大肌）减少。ERP结果表明，与重新评价相比，分心对消极图片的晚期正电位（LPP）幅值产生更强且更早的衰减。对于积极图片，只有分心而非重新评价对LPP衰减有显著影响。这些结果支持了情绪调节的过程模型，该模型根据认知策略的特定时间进程对其亚型进行区分。
