1University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Dec;39(12):1683-92. doi: 10.1177/0146167213500998. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
Although scholars have suggested that emotions are important for social dilemmas, extant research has neither documented, nor directly studied the influence of anger, disgust, or sadness on choices that involve social dilemmas. What is more, research that looks at social dilemmas typically examines public good dilemmas (e.g., giving resources to a group) and resource dilemmas (e.g., taking resources from a group) separately. Rarely are both dilemmas examined simultaneously, a potential oversight considering research on decision-making implicates give-and-take differences. In this paper, we propose that an important part of cooperating in different social dilemmas involves emotionally guided goals, termed emotivations. For example, emotivations include: in anger, wanting to antagonize others; in disgust, wanting to expel objects and avoid taking anything new; and in sadness, wanting to change one's situation. We suggest that the amount of shared group resources that people give and take is associated with each of these particular emotivations.
虽然学者们已经提出情绪对于社会困境很重要，但是现有研究既没有记录，也没有直接研究愤怒、厌恶或悲伤对涉及社会困境的选择的影响。更重要的是，研究社会困境通常分别考察公共利益困境（例如，向群体提供资源）和资源困境（例如，从群体中获取资源）。很少同时考察这两种困境，这是一个潜在的疏忽，因为关于决策的研究暗示了取舍差异。在本文中，我们提出在不同的社会困境中合作的一个重要部分涉及到情感指导的目标，称为情感动机。例如，情感动机包括：愤怒时，想要对抗他人；厌恶时，想要驱逐物体并避免接受任何新事物；悲伤时，想要改变自己的处境。我们认为，人们给予和接受的群体共享资源的数量与这些特定的情感动机有关。
