Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 19;8(8):e71393. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071393. eCollection 2013.
Oocyan or blue/green eggshell colour is an autosomal dominant trait found in native chickens (Mapuche fowl) of Chile and in some of their descendants in European and North American modern breeds. We report here the identification of an endogenous avian retroviral (EAV-HP) insertion in oocyan Mapuche fowl and European breeds. Sequencing data reveals 100% retroviral identity between the Mapuche and European insertions. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of European oocyan chicken indicates over-expression of the SLCO1B3 gene (P<0.05) in the shell gland and oviduct. Predicted transcription factor binding sites in the long terminal repeats (LTR) indicate AhR/Ar, a modulator of oestrogen, as a possible promoter/enhancer leading to reproductive tissue-specific over-expression of the SLCO1B3 gene. Analysis of all jungle fowl species Gallus sp. supports the retroviral insertion to be a post-domestication event, while identical LTR sequences within domestic chickens are in agreement with a recent de novo mutation.
蓝/绿蛋壳颜色是智利本土鸡（马普切鸡）的常染色体显性特征，在欧洲和北美现代品种的一些后代中也有发现。我们在此报告了在蓝/绿蛋壳的马普切鸡和欧洲品种中鉴定出的内源性禽反转录病毒（EAV-HP）插入。测序数据显示马普切和欧洲插入之间存在 100%的反转录病毒同一性。对欧洲蓝/绿蛋壳鸡的定量实时 PCR 分析表明，壳腺和输卵管中 SLCO1B3 基因的过度表达（P<0.05）。长末端重复（LTR）中的预测转录因子结合位点表明，AhR/Ar 是雌激素的调节剂，可能是导致 SLCO1B3 基因在生殖组织中特异性过度表达的启动子/增强子。对所有丛林鸡种 Gallus sp. 的分析支持该反转录病毒插入是在驯化后的事件，而在家鸡中相同的 LTR 序列与最近的新生突变一致。
