Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 22;8(8):e73359. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073359. eCollection 2013.
Much of what is known about word recognition in toddlers comes from eyetracking studies. Here we show that the speed and facility with which children recognize words, as revealed in such studies, cannot be attributed to a task-specific, closed-set strategy; rather, children's gaze to referents of spoken nouns reflects successful search of the lexicon. Toddlers' spoken word comprehension was examined in the context of pictures that had two possible names (such as a cup of juice which could be called "cup" or "juice") and pictures that had only one likely name for toddlers (such as "apple"), using a visual world eye-tracking task and a picture-labeling task (n = 77, mean age, 21 months). Toddlers were just as fast and accurate in fixating named pictures with two likely names as pictures with one. If toddlers do name pictures to themselves, the name provides no apparent benefit in word recognition, because there is no cost to understanding an alternative lexical construal of the picture. In toddlers, as in adults, spoken words rapidly evoke their referents.
许多关于幼儿单词识别的知识都来自眼动研究。在这里，我们表明，此类研究中揭示的儿童识别单词的速度和熟练度不能归因于特定任务的封闭集策略；相反，儿童对口语名词指代的注视反映了词汇的成功搜索。在图片的上下文中检查了幼儿的口语理解，这些图片有两个可能的名称（例如一杯果汁，可以称为“cup”或“juice”）和只有一个可能名称的图片对于幼儿（例如“apple”），使用视觉世界眼动跟踪任务和图片标记任务（n=77，平均年龄 21 个月）。幼儿对有两个可能名称的命名图片和只有一个的图片的注视速度和准确性一样快。如果幼儿确实自己给图片命名，那么这个名字在单词识别中没有明显的好处，因为理解图片的另一种词汇解释没有任何成本。在幼儿中，就像在成年人中一样，口语单词会迅速唤起他们的指代对象。
