Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
J Neurovirol. 2013 Oct;19(5):461-70. doi: 10.1007/s13365-013-0199-1. Epub 2013 Aug 31.
Acute measles may lead in rare instances to the chronic progressive central nervous system disease process subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). SSPE results from a persistent measles virus (MV) infection with incomplete virus replication involving the entire human brain. The experimental encephalitis model in Lewis rats was used to define affected cell populations after infection with the neurotropic MV strain CAM/RB. Distribution patterns of MV were analysed by appropriate cell markers in the brain sections of infected animals employing multiple immunofluorescence labelling and confocal laser scanning microscopy. MV was detected in neurones but not in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells. GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons displayed MV antigen whereas cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons appeared devoid of MV immunoreactivity. Mapping of the rat brain has revealed MV-infected neurones predominantly in motor, somatosensory, auditory, and visual cortices as well as in the basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei of infected rats. The results indicate that MV apparently disseminates via GABAergic and glutaminergic neurones and their processes. The tightly restricted viral distribution pattern is consistent with both inefficient immune clearance from infected neurones and with the observed disease symptoms.
急性麻疹在极少数情况下可能导致慢性进行性中枢神经系统疾病亚急性硬化性全脑炎（SSPE）。SSPE 是由持续性麻疹病毒（MV）感染引起的，涉及整个大脑的不完全病毒复制。使用 Lewis 大鼠实验性脑炎模型，在感染神经亲和性 MV 株 CAM/RB 后，定义受感染动物大脑切片中的受影响细胞群体。通过适当的细胞标记物，对 MV 的分布模式进行分析，采用多重免疫荧光标记和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜。MV 存在于神经元中，但不存在于星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和内皮细胞中。GABA 能神经元和谷氨酸能神经元显示 MV 抗原，而胆碱能和儿茶酚胺能神经元则没有 MV 免疫反应性。对大鼠大脑的映射显示，感染的大鼠大脑中的 MV 感染神经元主要存在于运动、感觉、听觉和视觉皮层，以及基底神经节和丘脑核中。结果表明，MV 显然通过 GABA 能神经元和谷氨酸能神经元及其轴突传播。病毒分布的严格限制与从受感染神经元中清除免疫的效率低下以及观察到的疾病症状一致。
