1National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Waste Manag Res. 2013 Oct;31(10 Suppl):26-34. doi: 10.1177/0734242X13499812. Epub 2013 Aug 30.
Brazil is an agricultural country with the highest pesticide consumption in the world. Historically, pesticide packaging has not been disposed of properly. A federal law requires the chemical industry to provide proper waste management for pesticide-related products. A reverse logistics program was implemented, which has been hailed a great success. This program was designed to target large rural communities, where economy of scale can take place. Over the last 10 years, the recovery rate has been very poor in most small rural communities. The objective of this study was to analyze the case of this compulsory reverse logistics program for pesticide packaging under the recent Brazilian Waste Management Policy, which enforces recycling as the main waste management solution. This results of this exploratory research indicate that despite its aggregate success, the reverse logistics program is not efficient for small rural communities. It is not possible to use the same logistic strategy for small and large communities. The results also indicate that recycling might not be the optimal solution, especially in developing countries with unsatisfactory recycling infrastructure and large transportation costs. Postponement and speculation strategies could be applied for improving reverse logistics performance. In most compulsory reverse logistics programs, there is no economical solution. Companies should comply with the law by ranking cost-effective alternatives.
巴西是一个农业大国，也是世界上农药消耗量最大的国家。历史上，农药包装没有得到妥善处理。一项联邦法律要求化工行业为与农药相关的产品提供妥善的废物管理。一个逆向物流计划已经实施，该计划被认为是一个巨大的成功。该计划旨在针对大型农村社区，在这些社区中可以实现规模经济。在过去的 10 年中，大多数小型农村社区的回收率都非常低。本研究的目的是分析在最近的巴西废物管理政策下，这种强制性农药包装逆向物流计划的案例，该政策将回收作为主要的废物管理解决方案。这项探索性研究的结果表明，尽管该逆向物流计划总体上取得了成功，但它对小型农村社区效率不高。对于小型和大型社区来说，不可能使用相同的物流策略。结果还表明，回收可能不是最佳解决方案，特别是在回收基础设施不完善、运输成本高的发展中国家。推迟和投机策略可以应用于提高逆向物流的绩效。在大多数强制性逆向物流计划中，没有经济解决方案。企业应通过选择具有成本效益的替代方案来遵守法律。
