a Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC , University Medical Centre Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands .
Psychol Health. 2013;28(12):1407-23. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2013.821473. Epub 2013 Sep 2.
Previous research has focused mostly on abstainer and/or general drinker prototypes. The present studies examined an abstainer, moderate drinker and heavy drinker prototype in relation to drinking behaviour.
Two studies among young adults aged 18-25 (paper-and-pencil, cross-sectional, N = 140; online, prospective, N = 451) assessed prototype favourability and participants' perceived similarity to the prototypes. Participants were also categorised into abstainers, moderate, and heavy drinkers.
Similarity and favourability had similar sequences in both studies: the moderate drinker and abstainer prototypes were evaluated most favourable and felt similar to; the heavy drinker prototype was rated the least favourable and felt similar to. Importantly, heavy drinking participants felt most similar to the moderate drinker prototype and rated the heavy drinker least desirable. The results suggest a need for research to include other prototypes, such as the moderate drinker, besides the abstainer and heavy drinker.
The studies provide insights into the contribution of alternative prototypes (i.e. moderate drinker) into the relationship between prototype perceptions and drinking behaviour. The results suggest tailoring prototype-based interventions according to drinking behaviour. Importantly, realistic perceived similarity to the more favourable moderate drinker prototype may therefore need to be encouraged only after appropriate reductions in heavy drinkers' alcohol consumption.
之前的研究主要集中在绝对戒酒者和/或一般饮酒者的原型上。本研究探讨了绝对戒酒者、适度饮酒者和重度饮酒者原型与饮酒行为的关系。
两项针对 18-25 岁年轻人的研究（纸笔、横断面、N=140；在线、前瞻性、N=451）评估了原型的偏好程度和参与者对原型的感知相似度。参与者还被分为绝对戒酒者、适度饮酒者和重度饮酒者。
两项研究的相似性和偏好程度具有相似的顺序：中度饮酒者和绝对戒酒者原型评价最高，感觉最相似；重度饮酒者原型评价最低，感觉最相似。重要的是，重度饮酒者感觉与中度饮酒者原型最相似，对重度饮酒者的评价最不期望。结果表明，需要研究包括其他原型，如中度饮酒者，除了绝对戒酒者和重度饮酒者。
这些研究深入了解了替代原型（即中度饮酒者）对原型感知与饮酒行为之间关系的贡献。结果表明，根据饮酒行为定制基于原型的干预措施是必要的。重要的是，只有在重度饮酒者的酒精摄入量适当减少后，才应鼓励对更受欢迎的中度饮酒者原型的现实感知相似性。
