Pediatrics. 2013 Oct;132(4):e1089-104. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-2377. Epub 2013 Sep 2.
The purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. Highlights for the upcoming 2013-2014 season include (1) this year's trivalent influenza vaccine contains an A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09-like virus (same as 2012-2013); an A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2) virus (antigenically like the 2012-2013 strain); and a B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like virus (a B/Yamagata lineage like 2012-2013 but a different virus); (2) new quadrivalent influenza vaccines with an additional B virus (B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus [B/Victoria lineage]) have been licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration; (3) annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or quadrivalent vaccine (no preference); and (4) the dosing algorithm for administration of influenza vaccine to children 6 months through 8 years of age is unchanged from 2012-2013. As always, pediatricians, nurses, and all health care personnel should promote influenza vaccine use and infection control measures. In addition, pediatricians should promptly identify influenza infections to enable rapid antiviral treatment, when indicated, to reduce morbidity and mortality.
本声明的目的是更新季节性流感疫苗和抗病毒药物在预防和治疗儿童流感方面的常规使用建议。即将到来的 2013-2014 年流感季节的重点包括：（1）今年的三价流感疫苗含有 A/加利福尼亚/7/2009（H1N1）pdm09 样病毒（与 2012-2013 年相同）；A/Texas/50/2012（H3N2）病毒（与 2012-2013 年的病毒具有相同的抗原性）；和 B/Massachusetts/2/2012 样病毒（与 2012-2013 年相同的 B/Yamagata 谱系，但为不同的病毒）；（2）新的四价流感疫苗获得美国食品和药物管理局的许可，含有额外的 B 病毒（B/Brisbane/60/2008 样病毒[B/Victoria 谱系]）；（3）每年对所有儿童普遍进行流感免疫接种，无论是使用三价还是四价疫苗（无偏好）；（4）6 个月至 8 岁儿童接种流感疫苗的剂量算法与 2012-2013 年相同。与以往一样，儿科医生、护士和所有卫生保健人员都应促进流感疫苗的使用和感染控制措施。此外，儿科医生应及时识别流感感染，以便在需要时迅速进行抗病毒治疗，以降低发病率和死亡率。
