Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Food Chem. 2014 Jan 1;142:334-41. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.074. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
Alternative tools, such as the manipulation of mineral nutrition, may affect secondary metabolite production and thus the nutritional value of food/medicinal plants. We studied the impact of nitrogen (N) nutrition (nitrate/NO3(-) or ammonium/NH4(+) nitrogen) and subsequent nitrogen deficit on phenolic metabolites and physiology in Matricaria chamomilla plants. NH4(+)-fed plants revealed a strong induction of selected phenolic metabolites but, at the same time, growth, Fv/Fm, tissue water content and soluble protein depletion occurred in comparison with NO3(-)-fed ones. On the other hand, NO3(-)-deficient plants also revealed an increase in phenolic metabolites but growth depression was not observed after the given exposure period. Free amino acids were more accumulated in NH4(+)-fed shoots (strong increase in arginine and proline mainly), while the pattern of roots' accumulation was independent of N form. Among phenolic acids, NH4(+) strongly elevated mainly the accumulation of chlorogenic acid. Within flavonoids, flavonols decreased while flavones strongly increased in response to N deficiency. Coumarin-related metabolites revealed a similar increase in herniarin glucosidic precursor in response to N deficiency, while herniarin was more accumulated in NO3(-)- and umbelliferone in NH4(+)-cultured plants. These data indicate a negative impact of NH4(+) as the only source of N on physiology, but also a higher stimulation of some valuable phenols. Nitrogen-induced changes in comparison with other food/crop plants are discussed.
替代工具，如矿物质营养的调控，可能会影响次生代谢产物的产生，从而影响到食用/药用植物的营养价值。我们研究了氮（N）营养（硝酸盐/NO3(-) 或铵/NH4(+)氮）和随后的氮亏缺对春黄菊属植物中酚类代谢物和生理的影响。与 NO3(-) 喂养的植物相比，NH4(+)喂养的植物表现出对某些酚类代谢物的强烈诱导，但同时生长、Fv/Fm、组织水分含量和可溶性蛋白质耗竭。另一方面，NO3(-)缺乏的植物也表现出酚类代谢物的增加，但在给定的暴露期后没有观察到生长抑制。NH4(+)喂养的芽中积累了更多的游离氨基酸（主要是精氨酸和脯氨酸的强烈增加），而根的积累模式与 N 形式无关。在酚酸中，NH4(+)强烈增加了绿原酸的积累。在类黄酮中，黄酮醇减少，而类黄酮在氮缺乏时强烈增加。香豆素相关代谢物在响应氮缺乏时，荜澄茄素糖苷前体的赫尼酸也呈现相似的增加，而在 NO3(-)和 NH4(+)培养的植物中，赫尼酸的积累更多。这些数据表明，NH4(+)作为唯一的 N 源对生理有负面影响，但也对一些有价值的酚类物质有更高的刺激作用。与其他食物/作物植物相比，氮诱导的变化也进行了讨论。
