Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9611, USA.
J Exp Biol. 2013 Oct 1;216(Pt 19):3733-41. doi: 10.1242/jeb.090415.
Loliginid squid use tunable multilayer reflectors to modulate the optical properties of their skin for camouflage and communication. Contained inside specialized cells called iridocytes, these photonic structures have been a model for investigations into bio-inspired adaptive optics. Here, we describe two distinct sexually dimorphic tunable biophotonic features in the commercially important species Doryteuthis opalescens: bright stripes of rainbow iridescence on the mantle just beneath each fin attachment and a bright white stripe centered on the dorsal surface of the mantle between the fins. Both of these cellular features are unique to the female; positioned in the same location as the conspicuously bright white testis in the male, they are completely switchable, transitioning between transparency and high reflectivity. The sexual dimorphism, location and tunability of these features suggest that they may function in mating or reproduction. These features provide advantageous new models for investigation of adaptive biophotonics. The intensely reflective cells of the iridescent stripes provide a greater signal-to-noise ratio than the adaptive iridocytes studied thus far, while the cells constituting the white stripe are adaptive leucophores--unique biological tunable broadband scatterers containing Mie-scattering organelles activated by acetylcholine, and a unique complement of reflectin proteins.
乌贼利用可调多层反射器来调节皮肤的光学特性，以实现伪装和通讯。这些光子结构位于称为虹彩细胞的特殊细胞内，一直是仿生自适应光学研究的模型。在这里，我们描述了商业上重要的物种——太平洋褶柔鱼（Doryteuthis opalescens）中两种不同的性别二态性可调生物光子特征：在每个鳍附着下方的外套膜上有明亮的彩虹虹彩条纹，以及在鳍之间的外套膜的背表面上有一个明亮的白色条纹。这两个细胞特征都是雌性特有的；位于雄性中明显的白色睾丸的相同位置，它们是完全可切换的，可以在透明度和高反射率之间转换。这些特征的性别二态性、位置和可调性表明它们可能在交配或繁殖中发挥作用。这些特征为自适应生物光子学的研究提供了有利的新模型。虹彩条纹中强烈反射的细胞提供了比迄今为止研究的自适应虹彩细胞更高的信噪比，而构成白色条纹的细胞是适应性白变细胞——独特的生物可调宽带散斑，含有由乙酰胆碱激活的米氏散射细胞器，以及独特的反射蛋白。
