Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
Forensic Sci Int. 2013 Oct 10;232(1-3):e12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.08.013. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Although exposure to animal venom and poison, such as snakebites, bee stings, and contact, with toads, is a common problem, reported deaths are rare. The present report discusses 18 fatal cases in China. Causes of death were grouped into 6 categories, including 1 case of tetrodotoxin poisoning, 1 case of gallbladder poisoning, 3 cases of snake venom toxicity, 4 cases of melittin toxicity, 4 cases of cantharidin poisoning and 5 cases of venenum bufonis poisoning. The epidemiology of each venom-induced death, the mechanism of exposure to venom, and the target organs and tissues affected by these toxic animals were here systematically reviewed. Such details are important to even suspected cases of venom damage. The associated problems related to forensic medicine, such as manner of death and possible attribution to the toxic effects of various animals, are also discussed herein.
尽管接触动物毒液和毒物（如蛇咬伤、蜂蜇伤和接触蟾蜍）是一个常见的问题，但报告的死亡病例很少见。本报告讨论了中国的 18 例致命病例。死亡原因分为 6 类，包括 1 例河豚毒素中毒、1 例胆囊中毒、3 例蛇毒毒性、4 例蜂毒毒性、4 例斑蝥素中毒和 5 例蟾毒中毒。本文系统回顾了每种毒液引起的死亡的流行病学、暴露于毒液的机制以及这些有毒动物影响的靶器官和组织。这些细节对于疑似毒液损伤的病例也很重要。本文还讨论了与法医学相关的问题，如死亡方式以及各种动物的毒性作用可能归因于。
