Ophthalmic Section, Eye Clinic, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy -
Minerva Med. 2013 Aug;104(4):471-85.
Aim of this review was to resume risk factors for the assess and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), particularly considering systemic risk factors that can be associated with glaucomatous damage. If intraocular pressure is the main risk factor, we must consider carefully familiarity, age, gender and possible associations with diabetes, hypertension, vascular autoregulation disorders, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, hypo- and hyperadrenalism, sleep apnea syndrome, corticosteroids therapies and other suspected factors cited in literature. Glaucoma's etiology remains unknown, its physiopathology is poorly understood and its diagnosis is often difficult. It is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and it is the real "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision often occurs gradually over a long period of time, and symptoms only occur when the disease is quite advanced. Cost-effectiveness analyses for POAG screening are weighted by the degree of uncertainty that glaucoma screening can be effective and reliable achieved. Addressing patients to an ophthalmologic investigation on the basis of the identified risk factors is a fundamental preventing measure.
本综述旨在总结原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的风险因素及其进展，尤其考虑了可能与青光眼损伤相关的系统性风险因素。如果眼压是主要的风险因素，我们必须仔细考虑家族史、年龄、性别以及与糖尿病、高血压、血管自动调节障碍、甲状腺功能减退和亢进、肾上腺功能减退和亢进、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、皮质类固醇治疗等可能相关的因素。青光眼的病因仍然未知，其病理生理学尚不清楚，诊断通常也很困难。它是全球范围内导致不可逆性失明的主要原因，也是真正的“视力无声的小偷”，因为视力丧失通常是在很长一段时间内逐渐发生的，而且只有在疾病相当严重时才会出现症状。POAG 筛查的成本效益分析取决于对青光眼筛查是否有效和可靠的不确定性程度。根据确定的风险因素将患者转介至眼科检查是一项基本的预防措施。
