Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P. O. Box 676, 13560-970, São Carlos - SP, Brazil.
Analyst. 2013 Nov 7;138(21):6354-64. doi: 10.1039/c3an00950e.
We report the fabrication, characterisation (SEM, TEM, XPS and Raman spectroscopy) and electrochemical implementation of a graphene paste electrode. The paste electrodes utilised are constructed by simply mixing graphene with mineral oil (which acts as a binder) prior to loading the resultant paste into a piston-driven polymeric-tubing electrode-shell, where this electrode configuration allows for rapid renewal of the electrode surface. The fabricated paste electrode is electrochemically characterised using both inner-sphere and outer-sphere redox probes, namely potassium ferrocyanide(ii), hexaammine-ruthenium(iii) chloride and hexachloroiridate(iii), in addition to the biologically relevant and electroactive analytes, l-ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Comparisons are made with a graphite paste alternative and the benefits of graphene implementation as a paste electrode within electrochemistry are explored, as well as the characterisation of their electroanalytical performances. We reveal no observable differences in the electrochemical performance and thus suggest that there are no advantages of using graphene over graphite in the fabrication of paste electrodes. Such work is highly important and informative for those working in the field of electroanalysis where electrochemistry can provide portable, rapid, reliable and accurate sensing protocols (bringing the laboratory into the field), with particular relevance to those searching for new electrode materials.
我们报告了一种石墨烯糊电极的制备、表征（SEM、TEM、XPS 和拉曼光谱）和电化学应用。所使用的糊电极是通过将石墨烯与矿物油（作为粘合剂）简单混合，然后将所得糊状物装入活塞驱动的聚合物管电极壳中制成的，这种电极结构允许快速更新电极表面。使用内球和外球氧化还原探针，即亚铁氰化钾（ii）、六氨合钌（iii）氯化物和六氯合铱（iii），以及生物相关和电化学活性分析物抗坏血酸（AA）和尿酸（UA），对制备的糊电极进行了电化学表征。与石墨糊电极进行了比较，并探讨了在电化学中使用石墨烯作为糊电极的优势，以及它们的电分析性能的表征。我们没有观察到电化学性能的任何可观察到的差异，因此表明在糊电极的制备中使用石墨烯没有优于石墨的优势。这项工作对于那些从事电分析领域的人来说非常重要和有启发性，电化学可以提供便携式、快速、可靠和准确的传感方案（将实验室带入现场），特别是对于那些寻找新的电极材料的人来说。
