Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Dec;27(6):791-802. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
Pregnant women undergo profound anatomical and physiological changes so that they can cope with the increased physical and metabolic demands of their pregnancies. The cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological, renal, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems all undergo important physiological alterations and adaptations needed to allow development of the fetus and to allow the mother and fetus to survive the demands of childbirth. Such alterations in anatomy and physiology may cause difficulties in interpreting signs, symptoms, and biochemical investigations, making the clinical assessment of a pregnant woman inevitably confusing but challenging. Understanding these changes is important for every practicing obstetrician, as the pathological deviations from the normal physiological alterations may not be clear-cut until an adverse outcome has resulted. Only with a sound knowledge of the physiology and anatomy changes can the care of an obstetric parturient be safely optimized for a better maternal and fetal outcome.
孕妇经历深刻的解剖和生理变化，以便能够应对怀孕带来的增加的身体和代谢需求。心血管、呼吸、血液、肾脏、胃肠道和内分泌系统都经历重要的生理改变和适应，以允许胎儿的发育，并使母亲和胎儿能够承受分娩的需求。这些解剖和生理学的改变可能会导致对体征、症状和生化研究的解读困难，使对孕妇的临床评估不可避免地感到困惑但又具有挑战性。了解这些变化对于每个妇产科医生都很重要，因为病理性偏离正常生理改变可能不会很明显，直到出现不良后果为止。只有充分了解生理和解剖变化，才能安全地优化产科产妇的护理，以实现更好的母婴结局。
