Obeagu Getrude Uzoma, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Department of Nursing Education, School of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.
Department of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Aug 29;104(35):e44246. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000044246.
Anemia in pregnancy is a critical public health concern, affecting millions of women globally, particularly in low-resource settings. Defined by hemoglobin levels below 11 g/dL, this condition is primarily caused by nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, and genetic disorders, leading to severe maternal and fetal complications. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the complications of anemia in pregnancy, highlighting the importance of early detection, effective management, and preventive strategies to mitigate its adverse outcomes. Maternal complications of anemia during pregnancy include an increased risk of mortality, susceptibility to infections, preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and cardiac issues. Fetal complications are equally concerning, with risks of intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, perinatal mortality, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. Understanding these complications underscores the necessity for routine screening, accurate diagnosis, and timely intervention to improve health outcomes for both mother and child. Effective management of anemia in pregnancy involves a multifaceted approach, including nutritional supplementation, dietary modifications, and medical interventions such as parenteral iron therapy and blood transfusions. Prevention through regular antenatal care, health education, and public health initiatives is essential. By equipping healthcare professionals with the knowledge and tools to address anemia in pregnancy, this review aims to enhance maternal and fetal health outcomes, ultimately reducing the global burden of this condition.
妊娠期贫血是一个关键的公共卫生问题，影响着全球数百万妇女，特别是在资源匮乏地区。这种情况定义为血红蛋白水平低于11克/分升，主要由营养缺乏、慢性疾病和遗传疾病引起，会导致严重的母婴并发症。本综述提供了妊娠期贫血并发症的最新全面概述，强调了早期检测、有效管理和预防策略以减轻其不良后果的重要性。孕期贫血的母体并发症包括死亡风险增加、易感染、早产、产后出血和心脏问题。胎儿并发症同样令人担忧，存在宫内生长受限、早产、围产期死亡和长期神经发育障碍的风险。了解这些并发症凸显了进行常规筛查、准确诊断和及时干预以改善母婴健康结局的必要性。妊娠期贫血的有效管理涉及多方面方法，包括营养补充、饮食调整以及诸如胃肠外铁剂治疗和输血等医学干预措施。通过定期产前护理、健康教育和公共卫生举措进行预防至关重要。通过为医护人员提供应对妊娠期贫血的知识和工具，本综述旨在改善母婴健康结局，最终减轻这种疾病的全球负担。
