Engelmann Jeffery M, Gewirtz Jonathan C, Cuthbert Bruce N
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2011 Dec;48(12):1656-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01235.x.
Negative affect is thought to be an important factor in the maintenance of cigarette smoking, and thus it is important to further develop objective measures of smoking-related emotional responses. Nonsmokers, non abstinent smokers, and abstinent smokers participated in a cue reactivity task where eyeblink startle amplitude and startle probe P300 (P3) suppression were measured during the presentation of emotional pictures.During unpleasant pictures, the amplitude of both measures was smaller in non abstinent smokers than in nonsmokers or abstinent smokers. P3 suppression, but not startle amplitude, was larger in abstinent smokers than in nonsmokers. Abstinence-induced increases in cigarette craving were associated with P3 suppression during tobacco-related pictures. Results suggest that tobacco abstinence increases emotional reactivity to unpleasant stimuli, which is consistent with negative reinforcement models of tobacco addiction.
消极情绪被认为是维持吸烟行为的一个重要因素，因此进一步开发与吸烟相关的情绪反应的客观测量方法很重要。非吸烟者、未戒烟的吸烟者和已戒烟的吸烟者参与了一项线索反应任务，在呈现情绪图片期间测量眨眼惊跳幅度和惊跳探测P300（P3）抑制。在呈现不愉快图片时，未戒烟的吸烟者的这两种测量指标的幅度均小于非吸烟者或已戒烟的吸烟者。已戒烟的吸烟者的P3抑制大于非吸烟者，但惊跳幅度并非如此。在与烟草相关的图片呈现期间，戒烟引起的烟瘾增加与P3抑制有关。结果表明，戒烟会增加对不愉快刺激的情绪反应性，这与烟草成瘾的负强化模型一致。
